Ruled Surfaces in Architecture
Doubly ruled surfaces are the inspiration for curved hyperboloid structures that can be built with a latticework of straight elements, namely:
- Hyperbolic paraboloids, such as saddle roofs.
- Hyperboloids of one sheet, such as cooling towers and some trash bins.
The RM-81 Agena rocket engine employed straight cooling channels that were laid out in a ruled surface to form the throat of the nozzle section.
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The roof of the school at Sagrada Familia is a sinusoidally ruled surface.
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Cooling hyperbolic towers at Didcot Power Station, UK; the surface can be doubly ruled.
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Doubly ruled water tower with toroidal tank, by Jan Bogusławski in Ciechanów, Poland
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A hyperboloid Kobe Port Tower, Kobe, Japan, with a double ruling.
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The gridshell of Shukhov Tower in Moscow, whose sections are doubly ruled.
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A ruled helicoid spiral staircase inside Cremona's Torrazzo.
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Village church in Selo, Slovenia: both the roof and the wall are ruled surfaces.
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A hyperbolic paraboloid roof of Warszawa Ochota railway station in Warsaw, Poland.
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A ruled conical hat.
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