Selection of Hosts
Tournaments are organised by Rugby World Cup Ltd (RWCL), and hosts are voted on by the IRB member nations. The voting procedure is managed by a team of independent auditors, and the voting kept secret. All the tournaments thus far have been held in nations in which rugby union is a major sport; this trend continued when New Zealand was awarded the 2011 event ahead of Japan, an historically weaker rugby nation. The allocation of a tournament to a host nation is now made five or six years prior to the commencement of the particular event, as New Zealand were awarded the 2011 event in late 2005.
The tournament has in the past been hosted by both single and multiple nations. For example the 1987 tournament was co-hosted by Australia and New Zealand. The IRB requires that a host nation must have a venue of (minimum) 60,000 capacity for the final. Host nations sometimes construct or upgrade stadia in preparation for the World Cup, such as Millennium Stadium – purpose built for the 1999 tournament – and Eden Park, upgraded for 2011. The first country outside of SANZAR (the organiser of The Rugby Championship) or the Six Nations to host a Rugby World Cup will be Japan in 2019.
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