Prognosis and Treatment
Most small stones are passed spontaneously and only pain management is required. Diclofenac, as well as many other Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and antispasmodics like Hyoscine butyl bromide or Otilonium bromide can be used. Although morphine may be administered to assist with pain management, it is often not recommended as morphine raises ureteral pressure, worsening the condition. There is typically no antalgic position for the patient (lying down on the non-aching side and applying a hot bottle or towel to the area affected may help). If the pain is not too intense, a more speedy release of the stones may be achieved by walking. Larger stones may require surgical intervention for their removal, such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
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