Spread of Renaissance Architecture Beyond Italy
The 16th century saw the economic and political ascendancy of France and Spain, and then later of Holland, England, Germany and Russia. The result was that these places began to import the Renaissance style as indicators of their new cultural position. This also meant that it was not until about 1500 and later that signs of Renaissance architectural style began to appear outside Italy.
Though Italian architects were highly sought after, such as Sebastiano Serlio in France, Aristotile Fioravanti in Russia, and Francesco Fiorentino in Poland, soon, non-Italians were studying Italian architecture and translating it into their own idiom. These included Philibert de l'Orme (1510–1570) in France, Juan Bautista de Toledo (died: 1567) in Spain and Inigo Jones (1573–1652) in England.
Books or ornament prints with engraved illustrations demonstrating plans and ornament were very important in spreading Renaissance styles in Northern Europe, with among the most important authors being Androuet du Cerceau in France, and Hans Vredeman de Vries in the Netherlands, with the German Wendel Dietterlin, in his Architectura of 1593-94, being perhaps the most extreme.
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“none
Thought of the others they would never meet
Or how their lives would all contain this hour.
I thought of London spread out in the sun,
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—Philip Larkin (1922–1985)
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“No architecture is so haughty as that which is simple.”
—John Ruskin (1819–1900)
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—Mark Twain [Samuel Langhorne Clemens] (1835–1910)