Examples of Use
The most common use of reference rates is that of short term interest rates such as LIBOR in floating rate notes, loans, swaps, short term interest rate futures contracts, etc. The rates are calculated by an independent organisation, such as the British Bankers Association (BBA) as the average of the rates quoted by a large panel of banks, to ensure independence.
Another example is that of swap reference rates for constant maturity swaps. The rate that is used is calculated daily by an independent organisation, the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, from quotes from a large panel of banks.
In the credit derivative market a similar concept to reference rates is used. Pay offs are not determined by a rate, but by possible events. In this case, the reference event has to be a very precisely defined credit event, to make sure there can be no disagreement on whether the event has occurred or not.
Typically the benchmark LIBOR is the three-month rate.
Read more about this topic: Reference Rate
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“There are many examples of women that have excelled in learning, and even in war, but this is no reason we should bring ‘em all up to Latin and Greek or else military discipline, instead of needle-work and housewifry.”
—Bernard Mandeville (1670–1733)