South Africa
The Red Ensign, defaced with the shield of the national coat of arms, was authorised as the merchant ensign of the Union of South Africa on 28 December 1910. From 1912, the shield was displayed on a white disc. The ensign was superseded by the national flag with effect from 1 January 1960, in terms of the Merchant Shipping Act 1951.
The Red Ensign with the shield was also used on land as a de facto national flag from 1910 until 1928. There was also a Blue Ensign which was the official ensign of government-owned vessels, and was also flown at South African offices overseas.
The most notable usage of the Red Ensign as a national flag was when General Louis Botha flew the flag over Windhoek in what was then German South West Africa after the town's occupation by South African troops in 1915.
The use of the Red Ensign as a national flag ended with the introduction of a proper national flag under the National Party government in 1928. This was preceded by the South African Flag Controversy of 1925 to 1928.
See also: Flag of South AfricaRead more about this topic: Red Ensign
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