Table of Rechargeable Battery Types
| Type | Voltagea | Energy densityb | Powerc | Effi.d | E/$e | Disch.f | Cyclesg | Lifeh | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (V) | (MJ/kg) | (Wh/kg) | (Wh/L) | (W/kg) | (%) | (Wh/$) | (%/month) | (#) | (years) | |
| Lead–acid | 2.1 | 0.11-0.14 | 30-40 | 60-75 | 180 | 70%-92% | 5-8 | 3%-4% | 500-800 | 5-8 (automotive battery), 20 (stationary) |
| Alkaline | 1.5 | 0.31 | 85 | 250 | 50 | -- | 7.7 | <0.3 | 100-1000 | <5 |
| Nickel–iron | 1.2 | 0.18 | 50 | 100 | 65% | 5-7.3 | 20%-40% | 50+ | ||
| Nickel–cadmium | 1.2 | 0.14-0.22 | 40-60 | 50-150 | 150 | 70%-90% | 1.25-2.5 | 20% | 1500 | |
| Nickel–hydrogen | 1.5 | 0.27 | 75 | 60 | 220 | 85% | 20,000+ | 15+ (satellite application with frequent charge-discharge cycles) | ||
| Nickel–metal hydride | 1.2 | 0.11-0.29 | 30-80 | 140-300 | 250-1000 | 66% | 2.75 | 30% | 500-1000 | |
| Nickel–zinc | 1.7 | 0.22 | 60 | 170 | 900 | 2-3.3 | 100-500 | |||
| Lithium-air (organic) | 2.7 | 7.2 | 2000 | 2000 | 400 | ~100 | ||||
| Lithium-ion | 3.6 | 0.58 | 150-250 | 250-360 | 1800 | 99%+ | 2.8-5 | 5%-10% | 1200-10000 | 2-6 |
| Lithium-ion polymer | 3.7 | 0.47-0.72 | 130-200 | 300 | 3000+ | 99.8% | 2.8-5.0 | 5% | 500~1000 | 2-3 |
| Lithium iron phosphate | 3.25 | 0.32-0.4 | 80-120 | 170 | 1400 | 93.5% | 0.7-3.0 | 2000+ | >10 | |
| Lithium sulfur | 2.0 | 0.94-1.44 | 400 | 350 | ~100 | |||||
| Lithium–titanate | 2.3 | 0.32 | 90 | 4000+ | 87-95%r | 0.5-1.0 | 9000+ | 20+ | ||
| Sodium-ion | 1.7 | 30 | 85% | 3.3 | 5000+ | Still testing | ||||
| Thin film lithium | ? | 350 | 959 | ? | ?p | 40000 | ||||
| Zinc bromide | 0.27-0.31 | 75-85 | ||||||||
| Vanadium redox | 1.15-1.55 | 0.09-0.13 | 25-35 | 80% | 20% | 14,000 | 10(stationary) | |||
| Sodium-sulfur | 0.54 | 150 | 89%-92% | |||||||
| Molten salt | 2.58 | 0.25-1.04 | 70-290 | 160 | 150-220 | 4.54 | 3000+ | <=20 | ||
| Silver-oxide | 1.86 | 0.47 | 130 | 240 | ||||||
- Notes
- a Nominal cell voltage in V.
- b Energy density = energy/weight or energy/size, given in three different units
- c Specific power = power/weight in W/kg
- d Charge/discharge efficiency in %
- e Energy/consumer price in W·h/US$ (approximately)
- f Self-discharge rate in %/month
- g Cycle durability in number of cycles
- h Time durability in years
- i VRLA or recombinant includes gel batteries and absorbed glass mats
- p Pilot production
- r Depending upon charge rate
Read more about this topic: Rechargeable Battery
Famous quotes containing the words table and/or types:
““A sigh for every so many breath,
And for every so many sigh a death.
That’s what I always tell my wife
Is the multiplication table of life.””
—Robert Frost (1874–1963)
“Our major universities are now stuck with an army of pedestrian, toadying careerists, Fifties types who wave around Sixties banners to conceal their record of ruthless, beaverlike tunneling to the top.”
—Camille Paglia (b. 1947)