Table of Rechargeable Battery Types
| Type | Voltagea | Energy densityb | Powerc | Effi.d | E/$e | Disch.f | Cyclesg | Lifeh | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (V) | (MJ/kg) | (Wh/kg) | (Wh/L) | (W/kg) | (%) | (Wh/$) | (%/month) | (#) | (years) | |
| Lead–acid | 2.1 | 0.11-0.14 | 30-40 | 60-75 | 180 | 70%-92% | 5-8 | 3%-4% | 500-800 | 5-8 (automotive battery), 20 (stationary) |
| Alkaline | 1.5 | 0.31 | 85 | 250 | 50 | -- | 7.7 | <0.3 | 100-1000 | <5 |
| Nickel–iron | 1.2 | 0.18 | 50 | 100 | 65% | 5-7.3 | 20%-40% | 50+ | ||
| Nickel–cadmium | 1.2 | 0.14-0.22 | 40-60 | 50-150 | 150 | 70%-90% | 1.25-2.5 | 20% | 1500 | |
| Nickel–hydrogen | 1.5 | 0.27 | 75 | 60 | 220 | 85% | 20,000+ | 15+ (satellite application with frequent charge-discharge cycles) | ||
| Nickel–metal hydride | 1.2 | 0.11-0.29 | 30-80 | 140-300 | 250-1000 | 66% | 2.75 | 30% | 500-1000 | |
| Nickel–zinc | 1.7 | 0.22 | 60 | 170 | 900 | 2-3.3 | 100-500 | |||
| Lithium-air (organic) | 2.7 | 7.2 | 2000 | 2000 | 400 | ~100 | ||||
| Lithium-ion | 3.6 | 0.58 | 150-250 | 250-360 | 1800 | 99%+ | 2.8-5 | 5%-10% | 1200-10000 | 2-6 |
| Lithium-ion polymer | 3.7 | 0.47-0.72 | 130-200 | 300 | 3000+ | 99.8% | 2.8-5.0 | 5% | 500~1000 | 2-3 |
| Lithium iron phosphate | 3.25 | 0.32-0.4 | 80-120 | 170 | 1400 | 93.5% | 0.7-3.0 | 2000+ | >10 | |
| Lithium sulfur | 2.0 | 0.94-1.44 | 400 | 350 | ~100 | |||||
| Lithium–titanate | 2.3 | 0.32 | 90 | 4000+ | 87-95%r | 0.5-1.0 | 9000+ | 20+ | ||
| Sodium-ion | 1.7 | 30 | 85% | 3.3 | 5000+ | Still testing | ||||
| Thin film lithium | ? | 350 | 959 | ? | ?p | 40000 | ||||
| Zinc bromide | 0.27-0.31 | 75-85 | ||||||||
| Vanadium redox | 1.15-1.55 | 0.09-0.13 | 25-35 | 80% | 20% | 14,000 | 10(stationary) | |||
| Sodium-sulfur | 0.54 | 150 | 89%-92% | |||||||
| Molten salt | 2.58 | 0.25-1.04 | 70-290 | 160 | 150-220 | 4.54 | 3000+ | <=20 | ||
| Silver-oxide | 1.86 | 0.47 | 130 | 240 | ||||||
- Notes
- a Nominal cell voltage in V.
- b Energy density = energy/weight or energy/size, given in three different units
- c Specific power = power/weight in W/kg
- d Charge/discharge efficiency in %
- e Energy/consumer price in W·h/US$ (approximately)
- f Self-discharge rate in %/month
- g Cycle durability in number of cycles
- h Time durability in years
- i VRLA or recombinant includes gel batteries and absorbed glass mats
- p Pilot production
- r Depending upon charge rate
Read more about this topic: Rechargeable Battery
Famous quotes containing the words table and/or types:
“When you got to the table you couldn’t go right to eating, but you had to wait for the widow to tuck down her head and grumble a little over the victuals, though there warn’t really anything the matter with them. That is, nothing only everything was cooked by itself. In a barrel of odds and ends it is different; things get mixed up, and the juice kind of swaps around, and the things go better.”
—Mark Twain [Samuel Langhorne Clemens] (1835–1910)
“The rank and file have let their servants become their masters and dictators.... Provision should be made in all union constitutions for the recall of leaders. Big salaries should not be paid. Career hunters should be driven out, as well as leaders who use labor for political ends. These types are menaces to the advancement of labor.”
—Mother Jones (1830–1930)