Government and Administrative Divisions
Government in Ratanakiri is weak, largely due to the province's remoteness, ethnic diversity, and recent history of Khmer Rouge dominance. The provincial legal framework is poor, and the rule of law is even weaker in Ratanakiri than elsewhere in Cambodia. Furthermore, government services are ineffective and insufficient to meet the needs of the province. The Cambodian government has traditionally accepted substantial support from NGOs in the region.
Pao Ham Phan is the provincial governor. Commune councils in Ratanakiri are composed of 219 members representing the CPP, 21 members representing the Sam Rainsy Party, and 13 members representing the Funcinpec Party. Political scientist Caroline Hughes has suggested that the CPP's overwhelming dominance in rural areas such as Ratanakiri stems from the central government's ability to suppress collective action, which in urban areas is offset by international donors and NGOs that provide support for opposition parties. Thirty-six commune council members in Ratanakiri (14.2%) are women, and 98% of Ratanakiri's government staff is Khmer. Bou Thang, a member of the CPP, represents Ratanakiri in the National Assembly of Cambodia.
Village government in Ratanakiri has both traditional and administrative components. Traditional forms of government, namely village elders and other indigenous institutions, are dominant. Members of each village designate one or more community elders to manage village affairs, mediate conflicts, and ensure that villagers follow customary laws, particularly about land and resource use. Elders do not play an autocratic role, and are instead primarily respected advisors and consensus builders. Village elders are generally male, but women also play a role in the management of the community and its resources. A village may also have a village chief, i.e., a local government person who is appointed by a higher governmental official. The village chief serves as a liaison between the village and outside government officials, but lacks traditional authority. The role of the village chief in village governance may be poorly defined; in one Kreung village, residents told a researcher that they were "very unclear exactly what the work of the village chief entailed."
The province is subdivided into nine districts, as follows:
| District | Communes | Population (1998) |
|---|---|---|
| Andoung Meas | Malik, Mai Hie, Nhang, Ta Lav | 6,896 |
| Banlung | Kachanh, Labansiek, Yeak Laom | 16,999 |
| Bar Kaev | Kak, Ke Chong, Laming, Lung Khung, Seung, Ting Chak | 11,758 |
| Koun Mom | Serei Mongkol, Srae Angkrong, Ta Ang, Toen, Trapeang Chres, Trapeang Kraham | 8,814 |
| Lumphat | Chey Otdam, Ka Laeng, La Bang Muoy, La Bang Pir, Pa Tang, Seda | 10,301 |
| Ou Chum | Cha Ung, Chan, Aekakpheap, Kalai, Ou Chum, Sameakki, L'ak | 11,863 |
| Ou Ya Dav | Bar Kham, Lum Choar, Pak Nhai, Pate, Sesant, Saom Thum, Ya Tung | 10,898 |
| Ta Veaeng | Ta Veaeng Leu, Ta Veaeng Kraom | 4,325 |
| Veun Sai | Ban Pong, Hat Pak, Ka Choun, Kaoh Pang, Kaoh Peak, Kok Lak, Pa Kalan, Phnum Kok, Veun Sai | 12,389 |
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