Non-ideal Mixing
Raoult's Law may be adapted to non-ideal solutions by incorporating two factors that will account for the interactions between molecules of different substances. The first factor is a correction for gas non-ideality, or deviations from the ideal-gas law. It is called the fugacity coefficient . The second, the activity coefficient, is a correction for interactions in the liquid phase between the different molecules.
This modified or extended Raoult's law is then written:
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