Geography of The Sikh Empire
The Sikh Empire was also known as Punjab, the Sikh Raj, and Sarkar Khalsaji, was a region straddling the border into modern-day People's Republic of China and Islamic Republic of Afghanistan then popularly referred to as the Kingdom of Cabul. The name of the region "Punjab" or "Panjab", comprises two words "Punj/Panj" and "Ab", translating to "five" and "water" in Persian. When put together this gives a name meaning "the land of the five rivers", coined due to the five rivers that run through the Punjab. Those "Five Rivers" are Beas, Ravi, Sutlej, Chenab and Jhelum, all tributaries of the river Indus, home to the Indus Valley Civilization that perished 3000 years ago. Punjab has a long history and rich cultural heritage. The people of the Punjab are called Punjabis and they speak a language called Punjabi. The following modern day political divisions made up the historical Sikh Empire:
- Punjab region till Multan in south
- Punjab, India
- Punjab, Pakistan
- Ganganagar, India
- Haryana, India. Including Chandigarh.
- Himachal Pradesh, India
- Kashmir, conquered in 1818, India/Pakistan/China
- Jammu, India
- Gilgit, Northern Areas, Pakistan (Occupied from 1842 to 1846)
- Khyber Pass, Afghanistan/Pakistan
- Peshawar, Pakistan (taken in 1818, retaken in 1834)
- North-West Frontier Province and FATA, Pakistan (documented from Hazara (taken in 1818–22) to Bannu)
- Parts of Western Tibet (1841), China
Read more about this topic: Ranjit Singh
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