Queen Mother of The West - Zhuangzi

Zhuangzi

One of the earliest written references to the Queen Mother comes from the writings of the Taoist writer Zhuangzi (c. 4th century BC):

"The Queen Mother of the West obtained it..." (_the Dao) "..._and took up her seat at Shao kuang. No one knows her beginning; no one knows her end." (Benard, 2000)

Zhuangzi describes the Queen Mother as one of the highest of the gods, meaning she had gained immortality and celestial powers. Zhuangzi also states that Xiwangmu is seated upon a spiritual western mountain range, suggesting she is connected to not only the heavens but also to the west.