Quantum programming is a set of computer programming languages that allow the expression of quantum algorithms using high-level constructs. The point of quantum languages is not so much to provide a tool for programmers, but to provide tools for researchers to understand better how quantum computation works and how to formally reason about quantum algorithms.
Efforts are underway to develop functional programming languages for quantum computing. Examples include Selinger's QPL, and the Haskell-like language QML by Altenkirch and Grattage. Higher-order quantum programming languages, based on lambda calculus, have been proposed by van Tonder, Selinger and Valiron and by Arrighi and Dowek.
Simon Gay's Quantum Programming Languages Survey has more information on the current state of research and a comprehensive bibliography of resources.
Read more about Quantum Programming: Functional Quantum Programming Languages
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