The quadratic residuosity problem in computational number theory is the question of distinguishing by calculating the quadratic residues modulo N, where N is a composite number. This is an important consideration in contemporary cryptography.
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“What happened at Hiroshima was not only that a scientific breakthrough ... had occurred and that a great part of the population of a city had been burned to death, but that the problem of the relation of the triumphs of modern science to the human purposes of man had been explicitly defined.”
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