Rulers
List of Qin rulers based on the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian, with corrections by Han Zhaoqi:
| Title | Name | Period of reign | Relationship | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feizi 非子 |
?–858 BC | son of Daluo, fifth generation descendant of Elai | enfeoffed at Qin by King Xiao of Zhou | |
| Marquis of Qin 秦侯 |
857–848 BC | son of Feizi | noble title given by later generations | |
| Gongbo 公伯 |
847–845 BC | son of Marquis of Qin | ||
| Qin Zhong 秦仲 |
844–822 BC | son of Gongbo | ||
| Duke Zhuang 秦莊公 |
821–778 BC | son of Qin Zhong | noble title given by later generations | |
| Duke Xiang 秦襄公 |
777–766 BC | son of Duke Zhuang | first ruler to be granted nobility rank | |
| Duke Wen 秦文公 |
765–716 BC | son of Duke Xiang | ||
| Duke Xian 秦憲公 |
715–704 BC | grandson of Duke Wen | often mistakenly called Duke Ning (秦寧公) | |
| Chuzi I 出子 |
Man 曼 |
703–698 BC | son of Duke Xian | |
| Duke Wu 秦武公 |
697–678 BC | son of Duke Xian | ||
| Duke De 秦德公 |
677–676 BC | son of Duke Xian, younger brother of Duke Wu | ||
| Duke Xuan 秦宣公 |
675–664 BC | son of Duke De | ||
| Duke Cheng 秦成公 |
663–660 BC | son of Duke De, younger brother of Duke Xuan | ||
| Duke Mu 秦穆公 |
Renhao 任好 |
659–621 BC | son of Duke De, younger brother of Duke Cheng | |
| Duke Kang 秦康公 |
Ying 罃 |
620–609 BC | son of Duke Mu | |
| Duke Gong 秦共公 |
Dao 稻 |
608–604 BC | son of Duke Kang | |
| Duke Huan 秦桓公 |
Rong 榮 |
603–577 BC | son of Duke Gong | |
| Duke Jing 秦景公 |
Shi 石 |
576–537 BC | son of Duke Huan | |
| Duke Ai 秦哀公 |
536–501 BC | son of Duke Jing | ||
| Duke Hui I 秦惠公 |
500–492 BC | grandson of Duke Ai | ||
| Duke Dao 秦悼公 |
491–477 BC | son of Duke Hui I | ||
| Duke Ligong 秦厲龔公 |
476–443 BC | son of Duke Dao | ||
| Duke Zao 秦躁公 |
442–429 BC | son of Duke Li | ||
| Duke Huai 秦懷公 |
428–425 BC | son of Duke Li, younger brother of Duke Zao | ||
| Duke Ling 秦靈公 |
424–415 BC | grandson of Duke Huai | alternative title Duke Suling (秦肅靈公) | |
| Duke Jian 秦簡公 |
414–400 BC | son of Duke Huai, uncle of Duke Ling | ||
| Duke Hui II 秦惠公 |
399–387 BC | son of Duke Jian | ||
| Chuzi II 出子 |
386–385 BC | son of Duke Hui II | alternative titles Duke Chu (秦出公), Shaozhu (秦少主), and Xiaozhu (秦小主) | |
| Duke Xian 秦獻公 |
Shixi or Lian 師隰 or 連 |
384–362 BC | son of Duke Ling | alternative titles Duke Yuanxian (秦元獻公) and King Yuan (秦元王) |
| Duke Xiao 秦孝公 |
Quliang 渠梁 |
361–338 BC | son of Duke Xian | alternative title King Ping (秦平王) |
| King Huiwen 秦惠文王 |
Si 駟 |
337–311 BC | son of Duke Xiao | alternative title King Hui (惠王); first Qin ruler to adopt the title of "King" in 325 BC |
| King Wu 秦武王 |
Dang 蕩 |
310–307 BC | son of King Huiwen | alternative titles King Daowu (秦悼武王) and King Wulie (秦武烈王) |
| King Zhaoxiang 秦昭襄王 |
Ze or Ji 则 or 稷 |
306–251 BC | son of King Huiwen, younger brother of King Wu | alternative title King Zhao (昭王) |
| King Xiaowen 秦孝文王 |
Zhu 柱 |
250 BC | son of King Zhaoxiang | known as Lord Anguo (安國君) before becoming king |
| King Zhuangxiang 秦荘襄王 |
Zichu 子楚 |
250–247 BC | son of King Xiaowen | alternative title King Zhuang (秦荘王); original name Yiren (異人) |
| First Emperor 秦始皇 |
Zheng 政 |
246–210 BC | son of King Zhuangxiang | King of Qin until 221 BC; First Emperor of Qin Dynasty from 221 BC |
Read more about this topic: Qin (state)
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“I walk toward one of our ponds; but what signifies the beauty of nature when men are base? We walk to lakes to see our serenity reflected in them; when we are not serene, we go not to them. Who can be serene in a country where both the rulers and the ruled are without principle? The remembrance of my country spoils my walk. My thoughts are murder to the State, and involuntarily go plotting against her.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)