Psaltis

The Cantor, sometimes Precentor, or the Protopsaltes (Gr. πρωτοψάλτης, "first of the singers"; from Gr. ψάλτης, "singer") is the chief singer, and usually instructor, employed in a cathedral or monastery with responsibilities for the ecclesiastical choir and the preparation of the divine services in the context of a secular or monastic liturgy. The cantor's duties and qualifications have varied considerably according to time, place, and rite, and often its prestige was so high that it came close to the highest offices in the ecclesiatical hierarchy, for instance monastic cantors promoted to the office of an abbot or abbess. Sometimes the office was connected with administrative, militaric, and governmental duties (the "Maestro di Capella" at San Marco di Venezia), even with those of a school teacher, as in case of the Thomaskantor in charge of the Thomasschule zu Leipzig. But generally a cantor must be competent to chose and to conduct the vocals for the choir, to start any chant on demand, and to be able to identify and correct the missteps of singers placed under him. He may be held accountable for the immediate rendering of the music, showing the course of the melody by movements of the hand(s) (cheironomia), similar to a conductor.