Risk Factors
- High caffeine intake
- Stress may precipitate condition
- Increasing age
- History of depression
- Family history
- Dietary factors (Low levels of certain vitamins and minerals, particularly magnesium, manganese, vitamin E and also Vitamin D)
Family history is often a good predictor of the probability of premenstrual syndrome; studies have found that the concordance rate is two times higher among identical twins compared with fraternal twins. This means that if one twin has PMS, then the other twin is more likely than average to have PMS, and it suggests that the cause is partly genetic. Although the presence of premenstrual syndrome is high among women with affective disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder, a causal relationship has not been established.
B vitamins, in particular vitamin B6, can also assist with PMS.
Read more about this topic: Premenstrual Syndrome
Famous quotes containing the words risk and/or factors:
“When a man leaves his mistress, he runs the risk of being betrayed two or three times daily.”
—Stendhal [Marie Henri Beyle] (1783–1842)
“Girls tend to attribute their failures to factors such as lack of ability, while boys tend to attribute failure to specific factors, including teachers’ attitudes. Moreover, girls avoid situations in which failure is likely, whereas boys approach such situations as a challenge, indicating that failure differentially affects self-esteem.”
—Michael Lewis (late–20th-century)