Cultural References
The Pope Joan story has been reworked in a number of modern works. The story is retold in the Greek author Emmanuel Rhoides' 1866 novel The Papess Joanne. Pope Joan is a character in the opening scene of Caryl Churchill's feminist play Top Girls (1982). The story is reworked in American writer Donna Woolfolk Cross's 1996 novel. Pope Joan. There have been two film versions, a 1972 film directed by Michael Anderson and a 2009 film adapted from Cross' novel.
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“The men who are messing up their lives, their families, and their world in their quest to feel man enough are not exercising true masculinity, but a grotesque exaggeration of what they think a man is. When we see men overdoing their masculinity, we can assume that they havent been raised by men, that they have taken cultural stereotypes literally, and that they are scared they arent being manly enough.”
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