Selected Species
The largest number of Piper species are found in the Americas (about 700 species), with about 300 species from Southern Asia. There are smaller groups of species from the South Pacific (about 40 species) and Africa (about 15 species). The American, Asian, and South Pacific groups each appear to be monophyletic; the affinity of the African species is unclear.
Some species are sometimes segregated into the genera Pothomorphe, Macropiper, Ottonia, Arctottonia, Sarcorhachis, Trianaeopiper, and Zippelia, but other sources keep them in Piper.
- Piper achupallasense
- Piper aduncum – Spiked Pepper, "matico" (South America except Ecuador)
- Piper aequilaterum
- Piper amalgo – mecaxochitl (Nahuatl)
- Piper angamarcanum
- Piper auritum – Mexican Pepperleaf, Sacred Pepper, root beer plant, hoja santa or "yerba santa" (Mexican Spanish)
- Piper azuaiense
- Piper baezanum
- Piper baezense
- Piper begoniiforme
- Piper betle – Betel, vilya or veeleya (Kannada), vettila (Malayalam), vidyache pan (Marathi), nagavalli or taambuul (Sanskrit), vetrilai (Tamil)
- Piper borbonense – Voatsiperifery Pepper, Madagascan wild pepper
- Piper borneense
- Piper brachipilum
- Piper brachystylum
- Piper bullatifolium
- Piper caldense
- Piper campii
- Piper caninum – Common Pepper, Native Pepper (Australia)
- Piper candollei
- Piper cenocladum – "ant piper"
- Piper chaba
- Piper chimborazoense
- Piper chimonanthifolium
- Piper clathratum
- Piper claussenianum
- Piper coeloneurum
- Piper cordulatum
- Piper cubeba – Cubeb, Java Pepper, Tailed Pepper
- Piper curtipedunculum
- Piper cutucuense
- Piper darienense – duermeboca (Panama), kana (Kuna)
- Piper decurrens
- Piper densiciliatum
- Piper diffundum
- Piper dilatatum
- Piper disparipilum
- Piper distigmatum
- Piper dodsonii
- Piper entradense
- Piper eriocladum
- Piper eustylum
- Piper fallenii
- Piper fimbriulatum
- Piper friedrichsthalii
- Piper gaudichaudianum
- Piper glabratum
- Piper grandifolium
- Piper gualeanum
- Piper guanacostense
- Piper guayasanum
- Piper guineense – West African Pepper, Ashanti Pepper, Benin Pepper, False Cubeb, Guinea Pepper, Guinea Cubeb, Uziza Pepper, kale, kukauabe, masoro, sasema, soro wisa
- Piper hillianum
- Piper hispidinervum
- Piper huigranum
- Piper hydrolapathum
- Piper hylebates
- Piper hylophilum
- Piper kadsura – Japanese Pepper, fūtōkazura (Japanese)
- Piper imperiale
- Piper laevigatum
- Piper lhotzkyanum
- Piper lineatipilosum
- Piper lolot – Lolot, lá lốt (Vietnamese)
- Piper longicaudatum
- Piper longum – Long Pepper, Indian Long Pepper, pipalli (Hindi), pippali (Sanskrit)
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- Piper lucigaudens
- Piper macrophyllum
- Piper magnificum – Lacquered Pepper
- Piper malacophyllum
- Piper manabinum
- Piper marginatum
- Piper mekongense
- Piper mendezense
- Piper mestonii
- Piper metallicum
- Piper methysticum – Kava, yaqona (Fijian), ʻawa (Hawaiian), sakau (Pohnpeian), 'ava (Samoan)
- Piper mexiae
- Piper molliusculum
- Piper mullesua
- Piper nanegalense
- Piper napo-pastazanum
- Piper nebuligaudens
- Piper nigrum – Black Pepper, white pepper, green pepper, pamintâ (Philippines)
- Piper novae-hollandiae – Giant Pepper Vine
- Piper ornatum – Celebes Pepper
- Piper pachyphyllum – Mahalatsaka
- Piper peltatum
- Piper permucronatum
- Piper perstrigosum
- Piper platylobum
- Piper porphyrophyllum
- Piper poscitum
- Piper prietoi
- Piper productispicum
- Piper pseudofuligineum
- Piper pseudonigrum
- Piper pseudopothifolium
- Piper puyoense
- Piper regale
- Piper retrofractum – Balinese Long Pepper, Javanese Long Pepper, Indonesian Long Pepper
- Piper richardiifolium
- Piper rivioides
- Piper rubronodosum
- Piper rubrovenosum
- Piper sagittifolium
- Piper saigonense – Saigon Pepper
- Piper saloyanum
- Piper san-miguelense
- Piper sarmentosum – Wild Betel, phak i leut (Lao), pokok kadok (Malay), cha phlu (Thai)
- Piper schuppii
- Piper seychellarum – Seychelles Pepper
- Piper skutchii
- Piper sodiroi
- Piper stipulosum
- Piper subaduncum
- Piper subnitidifolium
- Piper supernum
- Piper sylvaticum – Mountain Long Pepper
- Piper tectonifolium
- Piper trachyphyllum
- Piper translucens
- Piper triandrum
- Piper trioicum
- Piper truman-yunckeri
- Piper truncatum
- Piper umbellatum
- Piper unguiculatum
- Piper valladolidense
- Piper verrucosum
- Piper warakahoura
- Piper wibomii
- Piper wightii
- Piper zarumanum
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Piper aggregatum and P. fasciculatum are actually Lacistema aggregatum, an entirely unrelated angiosperm from the family Lacistemataceae.