Phenol red was used in the phenolsulfonphthalein test, also known as the PSP test. This test was used to estimate the overall blood flow through the kidney and is now obsolete.
The test is based on the fact that phenol red is excreted almost entirely in the urine. Phenol red solution is administered intravenously, the urine produced is collected. By measuring the amount of phenol red excreted colorimetrically, kidney function can be determined.
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—Hubert H. Humphrey (1911–1978)