Phantom Microphone Powering
Recording and broadcast studios commonly use phantom powering as a means to provide power to microphones. Power may be needed either for a device that requires power such as a pre-amp on an electret microphone or because the microphone is a type that intrinsically requires powering such as a condenser microphone. Since the microphone has only one pair of wires the return path for the power has to be provided elsewhere. This is usually done via the microphone cable screen.
Read more about this topic: Phantom Circuit
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