List of Pathogenic Bacteria By Basic Laboratory Characteristics
Following are the genera that contain the most important human pathogenic bacteria species:
Genus | Important species | Gram staining | Shape | Capsulation | Bonding tendency | Motility | Respiration | Growth medium | Intra/Extracellular |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bordetella |
|
Gram-negative | Small coccobacilli | Encapsulated | singly or in pairs | aerobic | Regan-Lowe agar | extracellular | |
Borrelia |
|
Gram-negative, but stains poorly | spirochete | Long, slender, flexible, spiral- or corkscrew-shaped rods | highly motile | anaerobic | (difficult to culture) | extracellular | |
Brucella |
|
Gram-negative | Small coccobacilli | Unencapsulated | singly or in pairs | non-motile | aerobic | Blood agar | intracellular |
Campylobacter |
|
Gram-negative | Curved, spiral, or S-shaped bacilli with single, polar flagellum |
Unencapsulated | Singly | characteristic darting motion | microaerophilic | Blood agar inhibiting other fecal flora | extracellular |
Chlamydia and Chlamydophila |
|
(not Gram-stained) | Small, round, ovoid | Unencapsulated | motile | Facultative or strictly aerobic | Obligate intracellular | ||
Clostridium |
|
Gram-positive | Large, blunt-ended rods | Normally encapsulated | mostly motile | Obligate anaerobic | Anaerobic blood agar | extracellular | |
Corynebacterium |
|
Gram-positive (unevenly) | Small, slender, pleomorphic rods | Unencapsulated | clumps looking like Chinese characters or a picket fence | nonmotile | Mostly facultative anaerobic | Aerobically on Tinsdale agar | extracellular |
Enterococcus |
|
Gram-positive | Round to ovoid (cocci) | pairs or chains | Non-motile | Facultative Anaerobic | 6.5% NaCl, bile-esculin agar | extracellular | |
Escherichia |
|
Gram-negative | Short rods (bacilli) | Encapsulated and Unencapsulated | Normally motile | Facultative anaerobic | MacConkey agar | extracellular or intracellular | |
Francisella |
|
Gram-negative | Small, pleomorphic coccobacillus | Encapsulated | Non-motile | strictly aerobic | (rarely cultured) | Facultative intracellular | |
Haemophilus |
|
Gram-negative | Ranging from small coccobacillus to long, slender filaments | Encapsulated or Unencapsulated | Non-motile | Chocolate agar with hemin and NAD+ | extracellular | ||
Helicobacter |
|
Gram-negative | Curved or spiral rods pultiple polar flagella |
rapid, corkscrew motility | Microaerophile | Medium containing antibiotics against other fecal flora | extracellular | ||
Legionella |
|
Gram-negative, but stains poorly | Slender rod in nature, cocobacillary in laboratory. monotrichious flagella |
unencapsulated | motile | aerobic | Specialized medium | facultative intracellular | |
Leptospira |
|
Gram-negative, but stains poorly | Long, very slender, flexible, spiral- or corkscrew-shaped rods | Highly motile | Strictly aerobic | Specialized medium | extracellular | ||
Listeria |
|
Gram-positive, darkly | Slender, short rods | diplobacilli or short chains | Distinct tumbling motility in liquid medium | Facultative Anaerobic | enriched medium | intracellular | |
Mycobacterium |
|
(none) | Long, slender rods | Unencapsulated | nonmotile | aerobic | M. tuberculosis: Lowenstein-Jensen agar M. leprae: (none) |
extracellular | |
Mycoplasma |
|
(none) | Plastic, pleomorphic | Encapsulated | singly or in pairs | Mostly facultative anaerobic; M.pneumoniae strictly aerobic | (rarely cultured) | extracellular | |
Neisseria |
|
Gram-negative | Kidney bean-shaped | Encapsulated or Unencapsulated | diplococci | Non-motile | aerobic | Thayer-Martin agar | Gonococcus: facultative intracellular N. meningitidis: extracellular |
Pseudomonas |
|
Gram-negative | rods | encapsulated | motile | Obligate aerobic | MacConkey agar | extracellular | |
Rickettsia |
|
Gram-negative, but stains poorly | Small, rod-like coccobacillary | Slime/microcapsule | Non-motile | Aerobic | (rarely cultured) | Obligate intracellular | |
Salmonella |
|
Gram-negative | Bacilli | Encapsulated | Normally motile | Facultative anaerobic | MacConkey agar | Facultative intracellular | |
Shigella |
|
Gram-negative | rods | Unencapsulated | Non-motile | Facultative anaerobic | Hektoen agar | extracellular | |
Staphylococcus |
|
Gram-positive, darkly | Round cocci | Encapsulated or Unencapsulated | in bunches like grapes | Non-motile | Facultative anaerobic | enriched medium (broth and/or blood) | extracellular |
Streptococcus |
|
Gram-positive | ovoid to spherical | Encapsulated or Unencapsulated | pairs or chains | nonmotile | Facultative anaerobic | blood agar | extracellular |
Treponema |
|
Gram-negative, but stains poorly | Long, slender, flexible, spiral- or corkscrew-shaped rods | highly motile | Aerobic | none | extracellular | ||
Vibrio |
|
Gram-negative | Short, curved, rod-shaped with single polar flagellum | Unencapsulated | rapidly motile | Facultative anaerobic | blood- or MacConkey agar. Stimulated by NaCl | extracellular | |
Yersinia |
|
Gram-negative, stains bipolarly | Small rods | encapsulated | nonmotile | Facultative Anaerobe | MacConkey or CIN agar | Intracellular |
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