Examples
In the Martinique's Anole, quantitative trait variation in dewlap and dorsum color, color pattern, body proportions and scalation demonstrated nascent parapatric speciation between adjacent sets of populations. Large quantitative trait divergences were observed with association differences in habitat rather than geographic allopatry.
In the grass Anthoxanthum, mine contamination in an area has caused the species to undergo parapatric speciation by creating a selection pressure for tolerance of metal contaminants. This changes the flowering time of the grass and creates strong selection against interbreeding, causing many plants in the population to become self-pollinating.
In the Gyrinophilus Tennessee Cave Salamander, qualitative timing of migration was used to infer the differences in gene flow between cave-dwelling and surface-dwelling continuous populations. Concentrated gene flow and mean migration time results inferred a heterogenetic distribution and continuous parapatric speciation between populations.
In Ephedra gymnosperms of North American, Bayesian inference of DNA molecular markers is used to estimate divergences of sister species. Ecological niche models are generated for parapatric and sympatric sister species, resulting in evidence for parapatric niche divergence for the sister species pairs E. californica and E. trifurca.
Read more about this topic: Parapatric Speciation
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