History
The first instance of voucher-based OBA was in South Korea and Taiwan in the 1960s. According to Malcolm Potts, these family planning initiatives were very successful. There were few such instances where OBA was used for development purposes up until the new millennium. Voucher-based health-care schemes were piloted in Latin America, Asia and Africa in the 1990s and early 2000s.
In 2002, the World Bank launched it Private Sector Development Strategy (PSD) and OBA was a key component. The World Bank has been the most active participant in OBA and in 2003, along with the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID), they launched the Global Partnership on Output-Based Aid (GPOBA). According to the GPOBA website, it is a "Partnership of donors and international organizations working together to support OBA approaches to improving service delivery for the poor."
The partnership has worked with various international partners to pursue Output-based initiatives in fields of health care, water, energy, transport, telecommunications and education. As of June 2009, GPOBA has identified 128 OBA projects around the world, with a value of 3.3 billion dollars.
The German development bank, KfW, financed multi-district pilot projects in East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda) and South Asia (Bangladesh and Cambodia) beginning in 2006.
Read more about this topic: Output-based Aid
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“You treat world history as a mathematician does mathematics, in which nothing but laws and formulas exist, no reality, no good and evil, no time, no yesterday, no tomorrow, nothing but an eternal, shallow, mathematical present.”
—Hermann Hesse (1877–1962)
“When the coherence of the parts of a stone, or even that composition of parts which renders it extended; when these familiar objects, I say, are so inexplicable, and contain circumstances so repugnant and contradictory; with what assurance can we decide concerning the origin of worlds, or trace their history from eternity to eternity?”
—David Hume (1711–1776)
“The foregoing generations beheld God and nature face to face; we, through their eyes. Why should not we also enjoy an original relation to the universe? Why should not we have a poetry and philosophy of insight and not of tradition, and a religion by revelation to us, and not the history of theirs?”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)