Outer Manchuria

Outer Manchuria (formerly known as Priamurye Приаму́рье in Russia), is the territory ceded by Qing Empire to Russia in the Treaty of Aigun in 1858 and the Treaty of Peking in 1860. ( See Amur Annexation ). The northern part of the area was also in dispute between 1643 and 1689 (see Russian–Manchu border conflicts). The area comprises the present-day Russian areas of Primorsky Krai, southern Khabarovsk Krai, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and Amur Oblast. Another interpretation also adds the island of Sakhalin.

According to the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689, the Sino-Russian border was the Stanovoy Mountains and the Argun River, establishing Outer Manchuria as a part of Qing Dynasty China. After losing the Opium War, a series of treaties were forced upon the Qing Dynasty gave away land and ports to the European powers, these were known as the Unequal Treaties. Starting with the Treaty of Aigun in 1858 and the Treaty of Peking in 1860, the Sino-Russian border was realigned on the Amur and Ussuri rivers, in Russia's favour. As a result, China lost Outer Manchuria, as well as access to the Sea of Japan.