Optic Tract - Additional Images

Additional Images

  • Diagram of hippocampus

  • Schematic diagram of the primate lateral geniculate nucleus.

  • Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view.

  • Coronal section of brain through intermediate mass of third ventricle.

  • Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view.

  • Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerves and optic tracts.

  • Base of brain.

  • Section of brain showing upper surface of temporal lobe.

  • Dissection showing the course of the cerebrospinal fibers.

  • Human brainstem anterior view

  • Optic tract and optic nerve

  • Optic tract

Sensory system: Visual system and eye movement pathways
Visual perception 1° (Bipolar cell of Retina) → 2° (Ganglionic cell) → 3° (Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → LGN of Thalamus) → 4° (Optic radiation → Cuneus and Lingual gyrus of Visual cortex → Blobs → Globs)
Muscles of orbit
Tracking Smooth pursuit: Parietal lobe · Occipital lobe
Saccade: Frontal eye fields
Nystagmus → Fixation reflex → PPRF
Horizontal gaze PPRF → Abducens nucleus → MLF → Oculomotor nucleus → Medial rectus muscle
Vertical gaze Rostral interstitial nucleus → Oculomotor nucleus, Trochlear nucleus → Muscles of orbit
Vestibulo-ocular reflex Semicircular canal → Vestibulocochlear nerve → Vestibular nuclei → Abducens nucleus → MLF (Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers) → Oculomotor nucleus → Medial rectus muscle
Pupillary reflex
Pupillary dilation 1° (Posterior hypothalamus → Ciliospinal center) → 2° (Superior cervical ganglion) → 3° (Sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion → Nasociliary nerve → Long ciliary nerves → Iris dilator muscle)
Pupillary light reflex
(constriction) 		1° (Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Pretectal nucleus) → 2° (Edinger-Westphal nucleus) → 3° (Oculomotor nerve → Parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion → Ciliary ganglion) → (4° Short ciliary nerves → Iris sphincter muscle)
Accommodation
vergence 		1° (Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Visual cortex → Brodmann area 19 → Pretectal area) → 2° (Edinger-Westphal nucleus) → 3° (Short ciliary nerves → Ciliary ganglion → Ciliary muscle)
Circadian rhythm Retina → Hypothalamus (Suprachiasmatic nucleus)

M: EYE

anat(g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot

noco/cong/tumr, epon

proc, drug(S1A/1E/1F/1L)
Nervous system: Sensory systems / senses (TA A15)
Special senses
  • Visual system/sight
  • Auditory system/hearing
  • Chemoreception
    • Olfactory system/smell
    • Gustatory system/taste
Touch
  • Pain
    • Nociception
  • Heat
    • Thermoception
  • Balance
    • Equilibrioception
  • Mechanoreception
    • Pressure
    • vibration
  • Proprioception
Other
  • Sensory receptor
Nerves of head and neck: the cranial nerves and nuclei (TA A14.2.01, GA 9.855)
olfactory (AON->I)
  • olfactory bulb
  • olfactory tract
optic (LGN->II)
  • optic chiasm
  • optic tract
oculomotor
(ON, EWN->III)
  • superior branch
    • parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion/ciliary ganglion
  • inferior branch
trochlear (TN->IV)
  • no significant branches
trigeminal
(PSN, TSN, MN, TMN->V)
  • trigeminal ganglion
  • ophthalmic
  • maxillary
  • mandibular
abducens (AN->VI)
  • no significant branches
facial (FMN, SN, SSN->VII)
near origin
  • nervus intermedius
  • geniculate
inside
facial canal
  • greater petrosal
    • pterygopalatine ganglion
  • nerve to the stapedius
  • chorda tympani
    • lingual nerve
    • submandibular ganglion
at stylomastoid
foramen
  • posterior auricular
  • suprahyoid
    • digastric
    • stylohyoid
  • parotid plexus
    • temporal
    • zygomatic
    • buccal
    • mandibular
    • cervical
vestibulocochlear
(VN, CN->VIII)
  • cochlear
    • striae medullares
    • lateral lemniscus
  • vestibular
    • Scarpa's ganglion
glossopharyngeal
(NA, ISN, SN->IX)
before jugular fossa
  • ganglia
    • superior
    • inferior
after jugular fossa
  • tympanic
    • tympanic plexus
    • lesser petrosal
    • otic ganglion
  • stylopharyngeal branch
  • pharyngeal branches
  • tonsillar branches
  • lingual branches
  • carotid sinus
vagus
(NA, DNVN, SN->X)
before jugular fossa
  • ganglia
    • superior
    • inferior
after jugular fossa
  • meningeal branch
  • auricular branch
neck
  • pharyngeal branch
    • pharyngeal plexus
  • superior laryngeal
    • external
    • internal
  • recurrent laryngeal (inferior)
  • superior cervical cardiac
thorax
  • inferior cardiac
  • pulmonary
  • vagal trunks
    • anterior
    • posterior
abdomen
  • celiac
  • renal
  • hepatic
  • anterior gastric
  • posterior gastric
accessory (NA, SAN->XI)
  • cranial
  • spinal
hypoglossal (HN->XII)
  • lingual branches

M: PNS

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)


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