Dialects
- Tohono O'odham
- Cukuḍ Kuk
- Gigimai
- Hu:huʼula
- Huhuwoṣ
- Totoguañ
- Akimel O'odham
- Eastern Gila
- Kohadk
- Salt River
- Western Gila
- Hia C-ed O'odham
- ?
Due to the paucity of data on the linguistic varieties of the Hia C-ed O'odham, this section currently focuses on the Tohono O'odham and Akimel O'odham dialects only.
The greatest lexical and grammatical dialectal differences are between the Tohono O'odham (or Papago) and the Akimel O'odham (or Pima) dialect groupings. Some examples:
| Tohono O'odham | Akimel O'odham | English |
|---|---|---|
| ʼaʼad | hotṣ | to send |
| ñeñida | tamiam | to wait for |
| s-hewhogĭ | s-heubagĭ | to be cool |
| sisiṣ | hoʼiumi (but si:ṣpakuḍ, stapler) | to fasten |
| pi: haʼicug | pi ʼac | to be absent |
| wia | ʼoʼoid | hunt tr. |
There are other major dialectal differences between northern and southern dialects, for example:
| Early O'odham | Southern | Northern | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| *ʼa:pi:m | ʼa:ham | ʼa:pim | you |
| *cu:khug | cu:hug | cu:kug | flesh |
| *ʼe:kheg | ʼe:heg | ʼe:keg | to be shaded |
| *ʼu:pham | ʼu:hum | ʼu:pam | (go) back |
The Cukuḍ Kuk dialect has null in certain positions where other Tohono O'odham dialects have a bilabial:
| Other TO dialects | Chukuḍ Kuk | English |
|---|---|---|
| jiwia, jiwa | jiia | to arrive |
| ʼuʼuwhig | ʼuʼuhig | bird |
| wabṣ | haṣ | only |
| wabṣaba, ṣaba | haṣaba | but |
Read more about this topic: O'odham Language