Old Norse - Relationship To Modern Scandinavian Languages

Relationship To Modern Scandinavian Languages

Development of Old Norse vowels to the modern Scandinavian languages
Proto-Germanic
origin
Primitive
Old Norse
Old Icelandic
(1st Grammarian)
Modern
Icelandic
Modern
Faroese
Modern
Swedish
Example
a a a a(ː) a/ɛaː a/ɑː Ic land /lant/?, Fa land /lant/ "land"; dagur Ic /daɣʏr/, Fa /tɛaːvʊɹ/ "day"
æː aː <á> au(ː) ɔ/ɔaː ɔ?/oː <å> láta Ic, Fa "to let"
aː (+i-mut) ɛː <æ> ɛː ai(ː) a/ɛaː ɛ/ɛː <ä> mæla Ic, Fa "to speak"
a (+i-mut) ɛ <ę> e ɛ(ː) ɛ/eː menn Ic/Fa "men"
e e
eː <é> jɛ(ː) a/ɛaː <æ>
i i i ɪ(ː) ɪ/iː ɪ/iː Ic kinn Fa kinn "chin"
iː <í> i(ː) ʊɪ(ː)
a (+u/w-mut) ɔ <ǫ> ɔ ø > œ(ː) <ö> œ/øː <ø>
aː (+u-mut) ɔː <ǫ́> ɔː aː > au(ː) <á> ɔ/ɔaː <á> Fa nátt,
u (+a-mut) o o ɔ(ː) ɔ/oː
oː <ó> ou(ː) œ/ɔuː ʊ/u: bók Ic /bouk/, Fa, Sw bok /buːk/ "book"
u u u ʏ(ː) ʊ/uː ɵ/ʉː?
uː <ú> u(ː) ʏ/ʉuː hús Ic /huːs/, Fa "house"
a (+i-mut +w-mut) œ <ø₂> ø ø > œ(ː) <ö> œ/øː <ø>
e (+u/w-mut) ø <ø₁>
oː (+i-mut) øː <œ> øː ɛː > ai(ː) <æ>
u (+i-mut), i (+w-mut) y y ɪ(ː) ɪ/iː ʏ/y:?
uː (+i-mut) yː <ý> i(ː) ʊɪ(ː)
au au au øɪ(ː) ɛ/ɛɪː ɔ/ø: Ic tvau /tvøɪː/, Fa tvey /tvɛɪː/ "two"
ai ɛi ɛi ei(ː) aɪ(ː) ?/e:
ai (+w-mut), au (+i-mut) øy øy ei(ː) ɔɪ(ː)

Read more about this topic:  Old Norse

Famous quotes containing the words relationship to, relationship, modern and/or languages:

    Sometimes in our relationship to another human being the proper balance of friendship is restored when we put a few grains of impropriety onto our own side of the scale.
    Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)

    Only men of moral and mental force, of a patriotic regard for the relationship of the two races, can be of real service as ministers in the South. Less theology and more of human brotherhood, less declamation and more common sense and love for truth, must be the qualifications of the new ministry that shall yet save the race from the evils of false teaching.
    Fannie Barrier Williams (1855–1944)

    I know this, and I know it from actual experience in the Orient, that the progress of modern Christian civilization has largely depended on the earnest hard work of the Christian missions of every denomination.
    William Howard Taft (1857–1930)

    I am always sorry when any language is lost, because languages are the pedigree of nations.
    Samuel Johnson (1709–1784)