Old Norse - Relationship To Modern Scandinavian Languages

Relationship To Modern Scandinavian Languages

Development of Old Norse vowels to the modern Scandinavian languages
Proto-Germanic
origin		 Primitive
Old Norse		 Old Icelandic
(1st Grammarian)		 Modern
Icelandic		 Modern
Faroese		 Modern
Swedish		 Example
a a a a(ː) a/ɛaː a/ɑː Ic land /lant/?, Fa land /lant/ "land"; dagur Ic /daɣʏr/, Fa /tɛaːvʊɹ/ "day"
æː aː <á> aː au(ː) ɔ/ɔaː ɔ?/oː <å> láta Ic, Fa "to let"
aː (+i-mut) ɛː <æ> ɛː ai(ː) a/ɛaː ɛ/ɛː <ä> mæla Ic, Fa "to speak"
a (+i-mut) ɛ <ę> e ɛ(ː) ɛ/eː menn Ic/Fa "men"
e e
eː eː <é> eː jɛ(ː) a/ɛaː <æ>
i i i ɪ(ː) ɪ/iː ɪ/iː Ic kinn Fa kinn "chin"
iː iː <í> iː i(ː) ʊɪ(ː)
a (+u/w-mut) ɔ <ǫ> ɔ ø > œ(ː) <ö> œ/øː <ø>
aː (+u-mut) ɔː <ǫ́> ɔː aː > au(ː) <á> ɔ/ɔaː <á> Fa nátt, tá
u (+a-mut) o o ɔ(ː) ɔ/oː
oː oː <ó> oː ou(ː) œ/ɔuː ʊ/u: bók Ic /bouk/, Fa, Sw bok /buːk/ "book"
u u u ʏ(ː) ʊ/uː ɵ/ʉː?
uː uː <ú> uː u(ː) ʏ/ʉuː hús Ic /huːs/, Fa "house"
a (+i-mut +w-mut) œ <ø₂> ø ø > œ(ː) <ö> œ/øː <ø>
e (+u/w-mut) ø <ø₁>
oː (+i-mut) øː <œ> øː ɛː > ai(ː) <æ>
u (+i-mut), i (+w-mut) y y ɪ(ː) ɪ/iː ʏ/y:?
uː (+i-mut) yː <ý> yː i(ː) ʊɪ(ː)
au au au øɪ(ː) ɛ/ɛɪː ɔ/ø: Ic tvau /tvøɪː/, Fa tvey /tvɛɪː/ "two"
ai ɛi ɛi ei(ː) aɪ(ː) ?/e:
ai (+w-mut), au (+i-mut) øy øy ei(ː) ɔɪ(ː)

Read more about this topic:  Old Norse

Famous quotes containing the words relationship, modern and/or languages:

    “Guilty, guilty, guilty is the chant divorced parents repeat in their heads. This constant reminder remains just below our consciousness. Nevertheless, its presence clouds our judgment, inhibits our actions, and interferes in our relationship with our children. Guilt is a major roadblock to building a new life for yourself and to being an effective parent.”
    —Stephanie Marston (20th century)

    “The truth is rarely pure and never simple. Modern life would be very tedious if it were either, and modern literature a complete impossibility!”
    —Oscar Wilde (1854–1900)

    “Wealth is so much the greatest good that Fortune has to bestow that in the Latin and English languages it has usurped her name.”
    —William Lamb Melbourne, 2nd Viscount (1779–1848)