Northwest Germanic - Sources

Sources

  • E.H. Antonsen, Runes and Germanic Linguistics (Mouton, 2002)
  • H.L. Kufner, "The grouping and separation of the Germanic languages" in F. van Coetsem & H.L. Kufner (eds.), Toward a Grammar of Proto-Germanic (Niemeyer, 1972)
  • H. Kuhn, "Zur Gliederung der germanischen Sprachen", in Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum 86 (1955), 1-47.
  • H.F. Nielsen, The Germanic Languages. Origins and Early Dialectal Interrelations (University of Alabama Press, 1989)
Germanic languages · Germanic philology
Language subgroups
  • North
  • East
  • West
  • North
  • East
  • Elbe
  • Weser-Rhine
  • North Sea
Reconstructed
  • Proto-Germanic
  • Proto-Germanic grammar
Historical languages
North
  • Proto-Norse
  • Old Norse
  • Old Swedish
  • Old Gutnish
  • Norn
  • Greenlandic Norse
  • Old Norwegian
East
  • Gothic
  • Crimean Gothic
  • Vandalic
  • Burgundian
West
  • Old Saxon
  • Middle Low German
  • Old High German
  • Middle High German
  • Old Frankish
  • Old Dutch
  • Middle Dutch
  • Old Frisian
  • Middle Frisian
  • Old English
  • Middle English
  • Early Scots
  • Middle Scots
  • Lombardic
  • Yola
  • Fingalian
Modern languages
  • Afrikaans
  • Alemannic
  • Danish
  • Dutch
  • English
  • Faroese
  • German
  • Gutnish
  • Icelandic
  • Limburgish
  • Low German
  • Luxembourgish
  • North Frisian
  • Norwegian
  • Saterland Frisian
  • Scots
  • Swedish
  • Vilamovian
  • West Frisian
  • Yiddish
Diachronic features
  • Grimm's law
  • Verner's law
  • Holtzmann's law
  • Sievers' law
  • Kluge's law
  • Germanic substrate hypothesis
  • West Germanic gemination
  • High German consonant shift
  • Germanic a-mutation
  • Germanic umlaut
  • Germanic spirant law
  • Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
  • Great vowel shift
Synchronic features
  • Germanic verb
  • Germanic strong verb
  • Germanic weak verb
  • Preterite-present verb
  • Grammatischer Wechsel
  • Indo-European ablaut
Language histories
  • English (phonology)
  • Scots (phonology)
  • German
  • Dutch
  • Danish
  • Icelandic
  • Swedish

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