Standardization Process
A standard published by ISO/IEC is the last stage of a long process that starts with the proposal of new work within a committee. Here are some abbreviations used for marking a standard with its status:
- PWI - Preliminary Work Item
- NP or NWIP - New Proposal / New Work Item Proposal (e.g., ISO/IEC NP 23007)
- AWI - Approved new Work Item (e.g., ISO/IEC AWI 15444-14)
- WD - Working Draft
- CD - Committee Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC CD 23000-5)
- FCD - Final Committee Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC FCD 23000-12)
- DIS - Draft International Standard
- FDIS - Final Draft International Standard
- PRF - Proof of a new International Standard
- IS - International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007)
- CD Amd / PDAmd (PDAM) - Committee Draft Amendment / Proposed Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/CD Amd 6)
- FPDAmd / DAM (DAmd) - Final Proposed Draft Amendment / Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003/FPDAmd 1)
- FDAM (FDAmd) - Final Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/FDAmd 4)
- Amd - Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/Amd 1:2007)
Other abbreviations:
- TR - Technical Report (e.g., ISO/IEC TR 13818-5:2005)
- TS - Technical Specification
- IWA - International Workshop Agreement
- Cor - Technical Corrigendum (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/Cor 1:2008)
A proposal of work (New Proposal) is approved at Subcommittee and then at the Technical Committee level (SC29 and JTC1 respectively - in the case of MPEG). When the scope of new work is sufficiently clarified, MPEG usually makes open requests for proposals - known as "Call for proposals". The first document that is produced for audio and video coding standards is called a Verification Model (VM). In the case of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 this was called Simulation and Test Model, respectively. When a sufficient confidence in the stability of the standard under development is reached, a Working Draft (WD) is produced. This is in the form of a standard but is kept internal to MPEG for revision. When a WD is sufficiently solid, becomes Committee Draft (CD) (usually at the planned time). It is then sent to National Bodies (NB) for ballot. The CD becomes Final Committee Draft (FCD) if the number of positive votes is above the quorum. After a review and comments issued by NBs, FCD is again submitted to NBs for the second ballot. If the FCD is approved, it becomes Final Draft International Standard (FDIS). ISO then holds a ballot with National Bodies, where no technical changes are allowed (yes/no ballot). If approved, the document becomes International Standard (IS).
ISO/IEC Directives allow also the so-called "Fast-track procedure". In this procedure a document is submitted directly for approval as a draft International Standard (DIS) to the ISO member bodies or as a final draft International Standard (FDIS) if the document was developed by an international standardizing body recognized by the ISO Council.
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“Experiences in order to be educative must lead out into an expanding world of subject matter, a subject matter of facts or information and of ideas. This condition is satisfied only as the educator views teaching and learning as a continuous process of reconstruction of experience.”
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