B
- Shapour Bakhtiar (1914–1991), last prime minister of the constitutional monarchy in Iran
- César Baldaccini (1921–1988), sculptor
- Théodore de Banville (1823–1891), poet, writer
- Frédéric Bartholdi (1834–1904), sculptor of the Statue of Liberty
- Maryse Bastié (1898–1952), pioneer aviatrix
- Pierre Batcheff (1901–1932), actor
- Jane Bathori (1877–1970), opera singer
- Charles Baudelaire (1821–1867), famous poet
- Jean Baudrillard (1929–2007), French cultural theorist, philosopher, political commentator, and photographer
- Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986), feminist philosopher & author
- Jacques Becker (1906–1960), filmmaker
- Samuel Beckett (1906–1989), Irish author, playwright & poet
- Eugène Belgrand (1810–1878), civil engineer
- Paul Belmondo (1898–1982), French sculptor
- Jean Béraud (1849–1935), painter
- Emmanuel Berl (1892–1976), writer
- Aloysius Bertrand (1807–1841), poet
- Marcel Alexandre Bertrand (1847–1907), geologist, founder of the plate tectonic theory
- Louis Gustave Binger (1856–1936), explorer
- Lucien Bodard (1914–1998), journalist
- Marc Boegner (1881–1970), theologist and academician
- Jean-Marie Bonnassieux (1810–1892), sculptor
- Aristide Boucicaut (1810–1877), entrepreneur and creator of Le Bon Marché chain of department stores
- William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825–1905), artist (painter in realist style)
- Antoine Jacques Claude Joseph, comte Boulay de la Meurthe (1761–1840), statesman
- Antoine Bourdelle (1861–1921), sculptor & teacher
- Paul Bourget (1852–1935), writer
- Marcel Bozzuffi (1928–1988), actor
- Gérard Brach (1927–2006), screenwriter
- Constantin Brâncuşi (1876–1957), Romanian sculptor
- Brassaï (born Gyula Halász) (1899–1984), photographer
- Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard (1817–1894), physician
- Jean Bruller (1902–1991), author who wrote under the nom de plume of Vercors
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