Major Insect-born Disease
- Dengue fever - Vectors: Aedes aegypti (main vector) Aedes albopictus (minor vector) threatens -50 million people are infected by dengue annually, 25,000 die. Threatens 2.5 billion people in more than 100 countries.
- Malaria - Vectors: Anopheles mosquitoes - 500 million become severely ill with malaria every year and more than 1 million die.
- Leishmaniasis - Vectors: species in the genus Lutzomyia in the New World and Phlebotomus in the Old World. Two million people infected.
- Bubonic plague - Principal vector: Xenopsylla cheopis At least 100 flea species can transmit plague. Re-emerging major threat several thousand human cases per year.High pathogenicity and rapid spread.
- Sleeping sickness - Vector: Tsetse fly, not all species. Sleeping sickness threatens millions of people in 36 countries of sub-Saharan Africa (WHO)
- Typhus - Vectors: mites, fleas and body lice 16 million cases a year, resulting in 600,000 deaths annually.
- Wuchereria bancrofti - most common vectors: the mosquito species: Culex, Anopheles, Mansonia, and Aedes; affects over 120 million people.
- Yellow Fever - Principal vectors: Aedes simpsoni, A. africanus, and A. aegypti in Africa, species in Haemagogus genus in South America, and species in Sabethes genus in France -200,000 estimated cases of yellow fever (with 30,000 deaths) per year.
Minor
- Ross River fever - Vector: Mosquitoes, main vectors A. vigilax, Aedes camptorhynchus, and Culex annulirostris
- Barmah Forest Virus - Vector: Known vectors Culex annulirostris, Ocleratus vigilax and O. camptorhynchus and Culicoides marksi
- Kunjin encephalitis (mosquitoes)
- Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) - Major mosquito vector: Culex annulirostris.
- Japanese encephalitis - Several mosquito vectors, the most important being Culex tritaeniorhynchus.
- West Nile virus - Vectors: vary according to geographical area; in the USA Culex pipiens (Eastern US), Culex tarsalis (Midwest and West), and Culex quinquefasciatus (Southeast) are the main vectors.
- Lyme disease - Vectors: several species of the genus Ixodes
- Alkhurma virus (KFDV) - Vector: tick
- Kyasanur forest disease - Vector: Haemaphysalis spinigera
- Brugia timori filariasis - Primary vector: Anopheles barbirostris
- Babesia - Vector Ixodes ticks.
- Carrion's disease - Vectors: sandflies of the genus Lutzomyia.
- Chagas disease - Vector: assassin bugs of the subfamily Triatominae. The major vectors are species in the genera Triatoma, Rhodnius, and Panstrongylus.
- Chikungunya - Vectors: Aedes mosquitoes
- Human ewingii ehrlichiosis - Vector: Amblyomma americanum
- Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis - Vector: Ixodes scapularis
- Rift Valley Fever (RVF) - Vectors: fleas in the genera Aedes and Culex
- Scrub typhus - Vector: Chigger
- Loa loa filariasis - Vector: Chrysops sp.
Read more about this topic: Medical Entomology
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