Cybernetics of The First and Second Order
Heinz von Foerster, one of the more prominent academics in the field of cybernetics, cited two forms of cybernetics. In the context of business, these forms are fundamentally different with regard to the way in which a system is observed.
- First-order cybernetics: Views the system as being completely independent to the observer. ‘The observed system’
- Second-order cybernetics: Refers to systems that observe themselves. ] ]]
It is important to note that neither approach is better than the other, they are merely different.
Read more about this topic: Management Cybernetics
Famous quotes containing the word order:
“... married women work and neglect their children because the duties of the homemaker become so depreciated that women feel compelled to take a job in order to hold the respect of the community. It is one thing if women work, as many of them must, to help support the family. It is quite another thing—it is destructive of woman’s freedom—if society forces her out of the home and into the labor market in order that she may respect herself and gain the respect of others.”
—Agnes E. Meyer (1887–1970)