Examples
Hermann Bondi and Joseph Samuel have listed eleven distinct statements which can be called Mach principles, labelled by Mach0 through Mach10. Though their list is not necessarily exhaustive, it does give a flavor for the variety possible.
- Mach0: The universe, as represented by the average motion of distant galaxies, does not appear to rotate relative to local inertial frames.
- Mach1: Newton’s gravitational constant G is a dynamical field.
- Mach2: An isolated body in otherwise empty space has no inertia.
- Mach3: Local inertial frames are affected by the cosmic motion and distribution of matter.
- Mach4: The universe is spatially closed.
- Mach5: The total energy, angular and linear momentum of the universe are zero.
- Mach6: Inertial mass is affected by the global distribution of matter.
- Mach7: If you take away all matter, there is no more space.
- Mach8: is a definite number, of order unity, where is the mean density of matter in the universe, and is the Hubble time.
- Mach9: The theory contains no absolute elements.
- Mach10: Overall rigid rotations and translations of a system are unobservable.
Read more about this topic: Mach Principle
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