In heat transfer, the thermal conductivity of a substance, k, is an intensive property that indicates its ability to conduct heat.
Thermal conductivity is often measured with laser flash analysis. Alternative measurements are also established.
Mixtures may have variable thermal conductivities due to composition.
| Material | Thermal conductivity | Temperature | Electrical conductivity @ 293 K |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acrylic Glass (Plexiglas V045i) | 69991866700000000000.17-0.19-0.2 | 7002296000000000000296 | 69861250000000000007.143E-15 - 5.0E-14 | |
| Air | 69982425000000000000.024-0.025 0.0262 (1 bar) 0.0457 (1 bar) |
7002284250000000000273-293-298 300 600 |
6985539000000000000hiAerosols2.95-loAerosols7.83×10−15 | (N,21%O+0.93%Ar+0.04%CO2) (1 atm) |
| Alcohols OR Oils | 69991570000000000000.1-0.110-0.21-0.212 | 7002297000000000000293-298-300 | ||
| Aluminium, pure | 7002226800000000000204.3-205-220-237-250 214.6 249.3 |
7002379000000000000293-298 366 478 |
700737593984962406037,450,000 - 37,740,000 | |
| Aluminium nitride | 7002178333000000000170-175-190 | 7002293000000000000293 | 69891000099999000001×10−11 | |
| Aluminium oxide, pure | 700134000000000000026-30-35-39-40 | 7002293000000000000293 | 69881000000000000001×10−12- | |
| Ammonia, saturated | 69995070000000000000.507 | 7002300000000000000300 | ||
| Argon | 69981738000000000000.016-0.01772-0.0179 | 7002299000000000000298-300 | ||
| Beryllium oxide | 7002259333330000000218-260-300 | 7002293000000000000293 | 69881000000000000001×10−12 | |
| Bismuth | 70007970000000000007.97 | 7002300000000000000300 | ||
| Brass Cu63% | 7002125000000000000125 | 7002296000000000000296 | 700715625000000000015,150,000 - 16,130,000 | (Cu63%, Zn37%) |
| Brass Cu70% | 7002113000000000000109 - 121 | 7002295000000000000293-296 | 700714285714285714012,820,000 - 16,130,000 | (Cu70%, Zn30%) |
| Brick | 69996875000000000000.15-0.6-0.69-1.31 | 7002295500000000000293-298 | ||
| Bronze | 700139333000000000026 42-50 |
7002295000000000000293-296 | 7006645161290322580 5,882,000 - 7,143,000 |
Sn25% (Cu89%, Sn11%) |
| Calcium silicate | 69994500000000000000.45 | 7002394000000000000394 | ||
| Carbon dioxide | 69981535000000000000.0146-0.01465-0.0168(sat. liquid 0.087) | 7002290333000000000298-273-300(293) | ||
| Carbon nanotube | 70033340000000000003180 (multiwall)-3500 (single wall) (SWcalc.6,600-37,000) |
7002310000000000000320-300 (300-100) |
6996100000000000000(Lateral)10−16 - (Ballistic)108) | SWNT(length:2.6 μm, diameter:1.7 nm) |
| Concrete | 70001040000000000000.8 - 1.28 | 7002293000000000000293 | ~61-67%CaO | |
| Copper, pure | 7002385755560000000385-386-390-401 368.7 353.1 |
7002400500000000000293 573 873 |
700759382422802850059,170,000 - 59,590,000 | IACS pure =1.7×10−8Ω•m =58.82×106Ω−1•m−1 |
| Cork | 69985500000000000000.04 - 0.07 | 7002293000000000000293 | ||
| Cotton or Plastic Insulation-foamed | 69983000000000000000.03 | 7002293000000000000293 | ||
| Diamond, impure | 70031000000000000001,000 | 7002283000000000000273 - 293 | 69841000000000000001×10−16~ | Type I (98.1% of Gem Diamonds) (C+0.1%N) |
| Diamond, natural | 70032200000000000002,200 | 7002293000000000000293 | 69841000000000000001×10−16~ | Type-IIA (99%12C and 1%13C) |
| Diamond, isotopically enriched | 70033320000000000003,320-41,000(99.999% 12C calc.200,000) | 7002293000000000000293-104(~80) | 6996100000000000000(Lateral)10−16 - (Ballistic)108 | Type-IIA isotopically enriched (>99.9%12C) |
| Epoxy, thermally conductive | 7000103509999999999 0.682 - 1.038 - 1.384 | |||
| Expanded polystyrene | 69983225000000000000.03-0.033((PS Only)0.1-0.13) | 700219800000000000098-298(296) | 69861000099999000001×10−14 | (PS+Air+CO2+CnH2n+x) |
| Fiberglass or Foam-glass | 69984500000000000000.045 | 7002293000000000000293 | ||
| Gallium arsenide | 700156000000000000056 | 7002300000000000000300 | ||
| Glass | 70001066000000000000.8-0.93(SiO2pure1-SiO296%1.2-1.4) | 7002293000000000000293 | 698810000000000000010−14-10−12-10−10 | <1% Iron oxides |
| Glycerol | 69992874900000000000.285-0.29 | 7002296500000000000300-293 | ||
| Gold, pure | 7002316000000000000314-315-318 | 7002296333330000000293-298 | 700745310376076121045,170,000 - 45,450,000 | |
| Granite | 70002855000000000001.73 - 3.98 | (72%SiO2+14%Al2O3+4%K2O etc.) | ||
| Graphene | 7003507000000000000(4840±440) - (5300±480) | 7002293000000000000293 | 7008100000000000000100,000,000 | |
| Helium II | 7005100000000000000 >100000 | 7000220000000000000 2.2 | liquid Helium in its superfluid state below 2.2 K | |
| Ice | 70002029999999999991.6-2.1-2.2-2.22 | 7002283000000000000293 - 273 | ||
| Indium phosphide | 700180000000000000080 | 7002300000000000000300 | ||
| Iron, pure | 700170555560000000071.8-72.7-79.5-80-80.2-80.4 55.4 34.6 |
7002453750000000000293-298-300 573 1273 |
70071014713343480509,901,000 - 10,410,000 | |
| Iron, cast | 700155000000000000055 | 7002298000000000000298 | (Fe+(2-4)%C+(1-3)%Si) | |
| Lead, pure | 700134257140000000034.7-35.0-35.3 29.8 |
7002342833330000000293-298-300 573 |
70064830917874396104,808,000 - 4,854,000 | |
| Limestone | 70001295000000000001.26 - 1.33 | Mostly CaCO3 | ||
| Marble | 70002505000000000002.07-2.08-2.94 | 7002298000000000000298 | Mostly CaCO3 | |
| Methane | 69983140500000000000.030-0.03281 | 7002285500000000000298-273 | ||
| Mineral Insulation or Wool(Felt/Glass/Rock) | 69984000000000000000.04 | 7002295500000000000293-298 | ||
| Nickel | 700190950000000000090.9-91 | 7002298000000000000298 | ||
| Nitrogen, pure | 69982504600000000000.0234-0.024-0.02583-0.026 | 7002298200000000000293-298-300 | (N2) (1 atm) | |
| Oxygen, pure (gas) | 69982517000000000000.0238-0.024-0.0263-0.02658 | 7002297750000000000293-298-300 | (O2) (1 atm) | |
| Paper | 69985000000000000000.05 | 7002298000000000000298 | ||
| Perlite, (1 atm) | 69983100000000000000.031 | 7002298000000000000298 | ||
| Perlite, Vacuum | 69971369900000999990.00137 | 7002298000000000000298 | ||
| Plastic, fiber-reinforced | 69996633300000000000.23 - 0.7 - 1.06 | 7002294500000000000293 - 296 | 699231622776601684010−15 - 100 | 10-40%GF or CF |
| Polyethylene High Density | 69994650000000000000.42 - 0.51 | 7002298000000000000298 | ||
| Polymer, High-Density | 69994250000000000000.33 - 0.52 | 7002296000000000000296 | 699310000000000000010−16 - 102 | |
| Polymer, Low-density | 69991950000000000000.04 - 0.16 - 0.25 - 0.33 | 7002294500000000000293 - 296 | 699131622776601684010−17 - 100 | |
| Polyurethane foam | 69982050000000000000.02 - 0.021 | 7002298000000000000298 | ||
| Quartz (single crystal) | 700094000000000000012 to c axis, 6.8 to c axis | 7002300000000000000300 | ||
| Quartz-Fused or Vitreous Silica or Fused Silica | 70001953330000000001.46-3 1.4 |
7002303000000000000293 323 |
69831166666666666701.333E-18 - 10−16 | |
| Rice hulls (ash) | 69986200000000000000.062 | |||
| Rice hulls (whole) | 69983590000000000000.0359 | |||
| Rubber (92%) | 69991600000000000000.16 | 7002303000000000000303 | 69871000000000000001×10−13~ | |
| Sandstone | 70002365000000000001.83 - 2.90 2.1 - 3.9 |
~95-71%SiO2 ~98-48%SiO2, ~16-30% Porosity |
||
| Silica Aerogel | 69981560000000000000.003(carbon black9%~0.0042)-0.008-0.017-0.02-0.03 | 700223133300000000098 - 298 | Foamed Glass | |
| Silver, pure | 7002422666670000000406-407-418 427-429-430 |
7002297142860000000293 298-300 |
700762169723344731061,350,000 - 63,010,000 | Highest electrical conductivity of any metal |
| Snow, dry | 69991366670000000000.05-0.11-0.25 | 7002273000000000000273 | ||
| Sodium chloride | 700135100000000000035.1 - 6.5 - 4.85 | 80 - 289 - 400 | ||
| Soil, dry w/ organic matter | 70001100000000000000.15-1.15-2 | 7002293000000000000293 | composition may vary | |
| Soil, saturated | 70002300000000999990.6-4 | 7002293000000000000293 | composition may vary | |
| Solder, Sn/63% Pb/37% | 700150000000000000050 | |||
| Lead free solder, Sn/95.6% Ag/3.5% Cu/0.9%, Sn/95.5% Ag/3.8% Cu/0.7% (SAC) | 7001600000000000000~60 | |||
| Steel, carbon | 700146742860000000036-4350.2-54 | 7002295000000000000293-298 | (Fe+(1.5-0.5)%C) | |
| Steel, stainless | 700117388888888889016.3-16.7-18-24 | 7002296000000000000296 | 70061418439716312101,176,000 - 1,786,000 | (Fe, Cr12.5-25%, Ni0-20%, Mo0-3%, Ti0-trace) |
| Thermal grease, silver-based | 70008890000000000008.89+ | |||
| Titanium, pure | 700120180000000000015.6-19.0-21.9-22.5 | 7002296500000000000293-300 | 70062083333333333301,852,000 - 2,381,000 | |
| Titanium Alloy | 70005800000000000005.8 | 7002296000000000000296 | 7005595200000000000595,200 | (Ti+6%Al+4%V) |
| Water | 69995936000000000000.563-0.596-0.6-0.609 | 7002290390000000000273-293-300 | 69975000000000000005×Pure10−6-Sweet10−3±1-Sea1 | <4%(NaCl+MgCl2+CaCl2) |
| Water vapor | 69982039500000000000.016-0.02479 (101.3 kPa) 0.0471 (1 bar) |
7002295500000000000293-398 600 |
||
| Wood, +>=12% water | 69992152300000000000.09091-0.16-0.21-0.4 | 7002295500000000000298-293 | Species-Variable | |
| Wood, oven-dry | 69991053200000000000.04-0.055-0.07692-0.12-0.17 | 7002295500000000000293-298 | Balsa-Cedar-Hickory/Oak | |
| Zinc oxide | 700121000000000000021 | |||
| Material | Thermal conductivity | Temperature | Electrical conductivity @ 293 K | Notes |
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“Religious literature has eminent examples, and if we run over our private list of poets, critics, philanthropists and philosophers, we shall find them infected with this dropsy and elephantiasis, which we ought to have tapped.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
“Religious literature has eminent examples, and if we run over our private list of poets, critics, philanthropists and philosophers, we shall find them infected with this dropsy and elephantiasis, which we ought to have tapped.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)