In heat transfer, the thermal conductivity of a substance, k, is an intensive property that indicates its ability to conduct heat.
Thermal conductivity is often measured with laser flash analysis. Alternative measurements are also established.
Mixtures may have variable thermal conductivities due to composition.
| Material | Thermal conductivity | Temperature | Electrical conductivity @ 293 K |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acrylic Glass (Plexiglas V045i) | 69991866700000000000.17-0.19-0.2 | 7002296000000000000296 | 69861250000000000007.143E-15 - 5.0E-14 | |
| Air | 69982425000000000000.024-0.025 0.0262 (1 bar) 0.0457 (1 bar) |
7002284250000000000273-293-298 300 600 |
6985539000000000000hiAerosols2.95-loAerosols7.83×10−15 | (N,21%O+0.93%Ar+0.04%CO2) (1 atm) |
| Alcohols OR Oils | 69991570000000000000.1-0.110-0.21-0.212 | 7002297000000000000293-298-300 | ||
| Aluminium, pure | 7002226800000000000204.3-205-220-237-250 214.6 249.3 |
7002379000000000000293-298 366 478 |
700737593984962406037,450,000 - 37,740,000 | |
| Aluminium nitride | 7002178333000000000170-175-190 | 7002293000000000000293 | 69891000099999000001×10−11 | |
| Aluminium oxide, pure | 700134000000000000026-30-35-39-40 | 7002293000000000000293 | 69881000000000000001×10−12- | |
| Ammonia, saturated | 69995070000000000000.507 | 7002300000000000000300 | ||
| Argon | 69981738000000000000.016-0.01772-0.0179 | 7002299000000000000298-300 | ||
| Beryllium oxide | 7002259333330000000218-260-300 | 7002293000000000000293 | 69881000000000000001×10−12 | |
| Bismuth | 70007970000000000007.97 | 7002300000000000000300 | ||
| Brass Cu63% | 7002125000000000000125 | 7002296000000000000296 | 700715625000000000015,150,000 - 16,130,000 | (Cu63%, Zn37%) |
| Brass Cu70% | 7002113000000000000109 - 121 | 7002295000000000000293-296 | 700714285714285714012,820,000 - 16,130,000 | (Cu70%, Zn30%) |
| Brick | 69996875000000000000.15-0.6-0.69-1.31 | 7002295500000000000293-298 | ||
| Bronze | 700139333000000000026 42-50 |
7002295000000000000293-296 | 7006645161290322580 5,882,000 - 7,143,000 |
Sn25% (Cu89%, Sn11%) |
| Calcium silicate | 69994500000000000000.45 | 7002394000000000000394 | ||
| Carbon dioxide | 69981535000000000000.0146-0.01465-0.0168(sat. liquid 0.087) | 7002290333000000000298-273-300(293) | ||
| Carbon nanotube | 70033340000000000003180 (multiwall)-3500 (single wall) (SWcalc.6,600-37,000) |
7002310000000000000320-300 (300-100) |
6996100000000000000(Lateral)10−16 - (Ballistic)108) | SWNT(length:2.6 μm, diameter:1.7 nm) |
| Concrete | 70001040000000000000.8 - 1.28 | 7002293000000000000293 | ~61-67%CaO | |
| Copper, pure | 7002385755560000000385-386-390-401 368.7 353.1 |
7002400500000000000293 573 873 |
700759382422802850059,170,000 - 59,590,000 | IACS pure =1.7×10−8Ω•m =58.82×106Ω−1•m−1 |
| Cork | 69985500000000000000.04 - 0.07 | 7002293000000000000293 | ||
| Cotton or Plastic Insulation-foamed | 69983000000000000000.03 | 7002293000000000000293 | ||
| Diamond, impure | 70031000000000000001,000 | 7002283000000000000273 - 293 | 69841000000000000001×10−16~ | Type I (98.1% of Gem Diamonds) (C+0.1%N) |
| Diamond, natural | 70032200000000000002,200 | 7002293000000000000293 | 69841000000000000001×10−16~ | Type-IIA (99%12C and 1%13C) |
| Diamond, isotopically enriched | 70033320000000000003,320-41,000(99.999% 12C calc.200,000) | 7002293000000000000293-104(~80) | 6996100000000000000(Lateral)10−16 - (Ballistic)108 | Type-IIA isotopically enriched (>99.9%12C) |
| Epoxy, thermally conductive | 7000103509999999999 0.682 - 1.038 - 1.384 | |||
| Expanded polystyrene | 69983225000000000000.03-0.033((PS Only)0.1-0.13) | 700219800000000000098-298(296) | 69861000099999000001×10−14 | (PS+Air+CO2+CnH2n+x) |
| Fiberglass or Foam-glass | 69984500000000000000.045 | 7002293000000000000293 | ||
| Gallium arsenide | 700156000000000000056 | 7002300000000000000300 | ||
| Glass | 70001066000000000000.8-0.93(SiO2pure1-SiO296%1.2-1.4) | 7002293000000000000293 | 698810000000000000010−14-10−12-10−10 | <1% Iron oxides |
| Glycerol | 69992874900000000000.285-0.29 | 7002296500000000000300-293 | ||
| Gold, pure | 7002316000000000000314-315-318 | 7002296333330000000293-298 | 700745310376076121045,170,000 - 45,450,000 | |
| Granite | 70002855000000000001.73 - 3.98 | (72%SiO2+14%Al2O3+4%K2O etc.) | ||
| Graphene | 7003507000000000000(4840±440) - (5300±480) | 7002293000000000000293 | 7008100000000000000100,000,000 | |
| Helium II | 7005100000000000000 >100000 | 7000220000000000000 2.2 | liquid Helium in its superfluid state below 2.2 K | |
| Ice | 70002029999999999991.6-2.1-2.2-2.22 | 7002283000000000000293 - 273 | ||
| Indium phosphide | 700180000000000000080 | 7002300000000000000300 | ||
| Iron, pure | 700170555560000000071.8-72.7-79.5-80-80.2-80.4 55.4 34.6 |
7002453750000000000293-298-300 573 1273 |
70071014713343480509,901,000 - 10,410,000 | |
| Iron, cast | 700155000000000000055 | 7002298000000000000298 | (Fe+(2-4)%C+(1-3)%Si) | |
| Lead, pure | 700134257140000000034.7-35.0-35.3 29.8 |
7002342833330000000293-298-300 573 |
70064830917874396104,808,000 - 4,854,000 | |
| Limestone | 70001295000000000001.26 - 1.33 | Mostly CaCO3 | ||
| Marble | 70002505000000000002.07-2.08-2.94 | 7002298000000000000298 | Mostly CaCO3 | |
| Methane | 69983140500000000000.030-0.03281 | 7002285500000000000298-273 | ||
| Mineral Insulation or Wool(Felt/Glass/Rock) | 69984000000000000000.04 | 7002295500000000000293-298 | ||
| Nickel | 700190950000000000090.9-91 | 7002298000000000000298 | ||
| Nitrogen, pure | 69982504600000000000.0234-0.024-0.02583-0.026 | 7002298200000000000293-298-300 | (N2) (1 atm) | |
| Oxygen, pure (gas) | 69982517000000000000.0238-0.024-0.0263-0.02658 | 7002297750000000000293-298-300 | (O2) (1 atm) | |
| Paper | 69985000000000000000.05 | 7002298000000000000298 | ||
| Perlite, (1 atm) | 69983100000000000000.031 | 7002298000000000000298 | ||
| Perlite, Vacuum | 69971369900000999990.00137 | 7002298000000000000298 | ||
| Plastic, fiber-reinforced | 69996633300000000000.23 - 0.7 - 1.06 | 7002294500000000000293 - 296 | 699231622776601684010−15 - 100 | 10-40%GF or CF |
| Polyethylene High Density | 69994650000000000000.42 - 0.51 | 7002298000000000000298 | ||
| Polymer, High-Density | 69994250000000000000.33 - 0.52 | 7002296000000000000296 | 699310000000000000010−16 - 102 | |
| Polymer, Low-density | 69991950000000000000.04 - 0.16 - 0.25 - 0.33 | 7002294500000000000293 - 296 | 699131622776601684010−17 - 100 | |
| Polyurethane foam | 69982050000000000000.02 - 0.021 | 7002298000000000000298 | ||
| Quartz (single crystal) | 700094000000000000012 to c axis, 6.8 to c axis | 7002300000000000000300 | ||
| Quartz-Fused or Vitreous Silica or Fused Silica | 70001953330000000001.46-3 1.4 |
7002303000000000000293 323 |
69831166666666666701.333E-18 - 10−16 | |
| Rice hulls (ash) | 69986200000000000000.062 | |||
| Rice hulls (whole) | 69983590000000000000.0359 | |||
| Rubber (92%) | 69991600000000000000.16 | 7002303000000000000303 | 69871000000000000001×10−13~ | |
| Sandstone | 70002365000000000001.83 - 2.90 2.1 - 3.9 |
~95-71%SiO2 ~98-48%SiO2, ~16-30% Porosity |
||
| Silica Aerogel | 69981560000000000000.003(carbon black9%~0.0042)-0.008-0.017-0.02-0.03 | 700223133300000000098 - 298 | Foamed Glass | |
| Silver, pure | 7002422666670000000406-407-418 427-429-430 |
7002297142860000000293 298-300 |
700762169723344731061,350,000 - 63,010,000 | Highest electrical conductivity of any metal |
| Snow, dry | 69991366670000000000.05-0.11-0.25 | 7002273000000000000273 | ||
| Sodium chloride | 700135100000000000035.1 - 6.5 - 4.85 | 80 - 289 - 400 | ||
| Soil, dry w/ organic matter | 70001100000000000000.15-1.15-2 | 7002293000000000000293 | composition may vary | |
| Soil, saturated | 70002300000000999990.6-4 | 7002293000000000000293 | composition may vary | |
| Solder, Sn/63% Pb/37% | 700150000000000000050 | |||
| Lead free solder, Sn/95.6% Ag/3.5% Cu/0.9%, Sn/95.5% Ag/3.8% Cu/0.7% (SAC) | 7001600000000000000~60 | |||
| Steel, carbon | 700146742860000000036-4350.2-54 | 7002295000000000000293-298 | (Fe+(1.5-0.5)%C) | |
| Steel, stainless | 700117388888888889016.3-16.7-18-24 | 7002296000000000000296 | 70061418439716312101,176,000 - 1,786,000 | (Fe, Cr12.5-25%, Ni0-20%, Mo0-3%, Ti0-trace) |
| Thermal grease, silver-based | 70008890000000000008.89+ | |||
| Titanium, pure | 700120180000000000015.6-19.0-21.9-22.5 | 7002296500000000000293-300 | 70062083333333333301,852,000 - 2,381,000 | |
| Titanium Alloy | 70005800000000000005.8 | 7002296000000000000296 | 7005595200000000000595,200 | (Ti+6%Al+4%V) |
| Water | 69995936000000000000.563-0.596-0.6-0.609 | 7002290390000000000273-293-300 | 69975000000000000005×Pure10−6-Sweet10−3±1-Sea1 | <4%(NaCl+MgCl2+CaCl2) |
| Water vapor | 69982039500000000000.016-0.02479 (101.3 kPa) 0.0471 (1 bar) |
7002295500000000000293-398 600 |
||
| Wood, +>=12% water | 69992152300000000000.09091-0.16-0.21-0.4 | 7002295500000000000298-293 | Species-Variable | |
| Wood, oven-dry | 69991053200000000000.04-0.055-0.07692-0.12-0.17 | 7002295500000000000293-298 | Balsa-Cedar-Hickory/Oak | |
| Zinc oxide | 700121000000000000021 | |||
| Material | Thermal conductivity | Temperature | Electrical conductivity @ 293 K | Notes |
Famous quotes containing the words list of and/or list:
“Every morning I woke in dread, waiting for the day nurse to go on her rounds and announce from the list of names in her hand whether or not I was for shock treatment, the new and fashionable means of quieting people and of making them realize that orders are to be obeyed and floors are to be polished without anyone protesting and faces are to be made to be fixed into smiles and weeping is a crime.”
—Janet Frame (b. 1924)
“I am opposed to writing about the private lives of living authors and psychoanalyzing them while they are alive. Criticism is getting all mixed up with a combination of the Junior F.B.I.- men, discards from Freud and Jung and a sort of Columnist peep- hole and missing laundry list school.... Every young English professor sees gold in them dirty sheets now. Imagine what they can do with the soiled sheets of four legal beds by the same writer and you can see why their tongues are slavering.”
—Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961)