List of Subsistence Techniques

Subsistence is the action or fact of maintaining or supporting oneself at a minimum level.

The following is a list of subsistence techniques:

  • Hunting and Gathering techniques, also known as Foraging:
    • Artisan fishing — a term which particularly applies to coastal or island ethnic groups using traditional techniques for subsistence fishing.
  • Cultivation:
    • Horticulture — plant cultivation, based on the use of simple tools.
    • Subsistence agriculture — agricultural cultivation involving continuous use of arable (crop) land, and is more labor-intensive than horticulture.
  • Pastoralism, the raising of grazing animals:
    • Pastoral nomadism — all members of the pastoral society follow the herd throughout the year.
    • Transhumance or agro-pastoralism — part of the society follows the herd, while the other part maintains a home village.
    • Ranch agriculture — non-nomadic pastoralism with a defined territory.
  • Distribution and Exchange:
    • Redistribution
    • Reciprocity — exchange between social equals.
    • Potlatching — a widely studied ritual in which sponsors (helped by their entourages) gave away resources and manufactured wealth while generating prestige for themselves.
    • LETS — Local Exchange Trading Systems.
  • a parasitical society, subsisting on the produce of a separate host society
    • raiding
    • conquest and taxation

Famous quotes containing the words list of, list, subsistence and/or techniques:

    “I made a list of things I have
    to remember and a list
    of things I want to forget,
    but I see they are the same list.”
    —Linda Pastan (b. 1932)

    “Do your children view themselves as successes or failures? Are they being encouraged to be inquisitive or passive? Are they afraid to challenge authority and to question assumptions? Do they feel comfortable adapting to change? Are they easily discouraged if they cannot arrive at a solution to a problem? The answers to those questions will give you a better appraisal of their education than any list of courses, grades, or test scores.”
    —Lawrence Kutner (20th century)

    “The Roman rule was, to teach a boy nothing that he could not learn standing. The old English rule was, “All summer in the field, and all winter in the study.” And it seems as if a man should learn to plant, or to fish, or to hunt, that he might secure his subsistence at all events, and not be painful to his friends and fellow men.”
    —Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)

    “It is easy to lose confidence in our natural ability to raise children. The true techniques for raising children are simple: Be with them, play with them, talk to them. You are not squandering their time no matter what the latest child development books say about “purposeful play” and “cognitive learning skills.””
    —Neil Kurshan (20th century)