The Party System
In 1918, towards the end of the First World War, a new Chamber of Deputies was elected with the explicit ambition of reviewing the constitution. To this end, formalised parties were formed by the main political blocs, so as to increase their bargaining power in the negotiations. The revisions to the constitution introduced universal suffrage and compulsory voting, adopted proportional representation, and limited the sovereignty of the monarch.
Since the foundation of the party system, only one cabinet (between 1921 and 1925) has not included members of more than one party. Most of the time, governments are grand coalitions of the two largest parties, no matter their ideology; this has made Luxembourg one of the most stable democracies in the world. Two cabinets (between 1945 and 1947) included members of every party represented in the Chamber of Deputies.
During the occupation of Luxembourg by Nazi Germany, Luxembourg was governed by a Nazi Party official, Gustav Simon. Pierre Dupong continued to lead the government in exile in the United Kingdom until the liberation of Luxembourg in December 1944, whereupon the constitutional Luxembourg government returned to the Grand Duchy. Thus, although Luxembourg was formally annexed on 30 August 1942, the Prime Minister of the government in exile, Pierre Dupong, is assumed to have remained Prime Minister throughout.
Political Party: PD PNI CSV DP
| Prime Minister | Party | Term of office | Government | Coalition | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Émile Reuter | PD | 28 September 1918 |
20 March 1925 |
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| Pierre Prüm | PNI | 20 March 1925 | 16 July 1926 | |||||
| Joseph Bech (1st time) |
PD | 16 July 1926 |
5 November 1937 |
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| Pierre Dupong | PD | 5 November 1937 |
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| CSV | 23 December 1953 |
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| Joseph Bech (2nd time) |
CSV | 29 December 1953 |
29 March 1958 |
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| Pierre Frieden | CSV | 29 March 1958 | 23 February 1959 | |||||
| Pierre Werner (1st time) |
CSV | 2 March 1959 |
15 June 1974 |
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| Gaston Thorn | DP | 15 June 1974 |
16 July 1979 |
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| Pierre Werner (2nd time) |
CSV | 16 July 1979 |
20 July 1984 |
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| Jacques Santer | CSV | 20 July 1984 |
26 January 1995 |
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| Jean-Claude Juncker | CSV | 26 January 1995 |
Incumbent |
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Read more about this topic: List Of Prime Ministers Of Luxembourg
Famous quotes containing the words party and/or system:
“I never knew anyone yet who got up at six who did anything more useful between that time and breakfast than banging a tennis ball up against the side of the house, waiting for the more civilized members of the party to get up.”
—Robert Benchley (1889–1945)
“In a universe that is all gradations of matter, from gross to fine to finer, so that we end up with everything we are composed of in a lattice, a grid, a mesh, a mist, where particles or movements so small we cannot observe them are held in a strict and accurate web, that is nevertheless nonexistent to the eyes we use for ordinary living—in this system of fine and finer, where then is the substance of a thought?”
—Doris Lessing (b. 1919)