M
- MacWhinney, Brian (United States, 1945–), language acquisition, second language acquisition, corpus linguistics
- Maddieson, Ian (United States), phonetics
- Malkiel, Yakov (United States, 1914–1998), etymology, philology
- Manaster Ramer, Alexis (United States/Poland), phonology, syntax, poetics, etymology
- Marantz, Alec (United States), distributed morphology
- March, Francis Andrew (United States, 1825–1911), comparative linguistics, lexicography, Old English language, English language
- Margolis, Max Leopold (Lithuania/United States, 1866–1932), Semitic languages
- Marr, Nikolay Yakovlevich (Georgia/Russia, 1865–1934), historical linguistics, comparative linguistics, origin of language
- Martin, James (Sydney, Australia), genre
- Martin, Samuel Elmo (United States, 1924–2009), Korean language, Japanese language
- Martinet, André (France, 1908–1999), structuralism, historical linguistics, constructed languages
- Martinet, Jeanne (France, 1920–), semiotics, constructed languages
- Mathesius, Vilém (Czech Republic, 1882–1945), phonology, syntax, English language, Czech language
- Matisoff, James A. (United States, 1937–), Tibeto-Burman languages, phonology
- Matthews, Peter Hugoe (UK, 1934–), morphology, syntax
- Matthews, Stephen (UK/PR China), typology, syntax, semantics, Cantonese language
- Mattingly, Ignatius G. (United States, 1927–2004), phonetics, speech synthesis, speech perception
- Matveyev, Aleksandr (Russia, 1926–2010), onomastics, etymology
- McCarthy, John J. (United States, 1953–), phonology, morphology, optimality theory
- McCawley, James D. (UK/United States, 1938–1999), syntax, semantics, phonology
- McCune, George McAfee (North Korea/United States, 1908–1988), Korean language
- McNamara, Barbara (United States), Chinese language
- McWhorter, John Hamilton (United States, 1965–), creole languages, Saramaccan language
- Meinhof, Carl Friedrich Michael (Germany, 1857–1944), languages of Africa
- Melchert, H. Craig (United States), Anatolian languages
- Michaelis, Laura A. (United States), syntax, English language
- Miklošič, Franc (Slovenia/Austria, 1813–1891), Slavic languages
- Miller, Wick R. (United States, 1932–1994), Keresan languages, Uto-Aztecan languages
- Miller, Roy Andrew (United States, 1924–), Tibetan language, Japanese language
- Mithun, Marianne (United States, 1946–), Native American languages
- Mitxelena Elissalt, Koldo (Spain, 1915–1987), Basque language
- Miura Tsutomu (Japan, 1911–1989), Japanese language
- Miyake, Marc (United States, 1971–), historical linguistics, Old Japanese, Tangut language
- Mönkh-Amgalan, Yümjiriin (Mongolia), pragmatics, semantics, syntax, Mongolian language, dialectology
- Mori Hiromichi (Japan, 1949–), Japanese language
- Motoori Norinaga (Japan, 1730–1801), Japanese language
- Motoori Haruniwa (Japan, 1763–1828), Japanese language
- Montague, Richard Merett (United States, 1930–1971), semantics, philosophy of language
- Moro, Andrea (Italy, 1962–), syntax, copula, expletive, antisymmetry, neurolinguistics
- Moser, Edward W. (United States), Seri language
- Mufwene, Salikoko (United States), creole languages, African American Vernacular English, language evolution
- Munro, Pamela (United States), Native American languages, lexicography
- Murayama Shichirō (Japan, 1908–1995), Japanese language
- Murray, James (UK, 1837–1915), lexicography, English language, etymology
- Muti’I, Ibrahim (China, 1920–2010), Uyghur language
- Myers-Scotton, Carol (United States, 1934–), language contact
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