List of Languages By First Written Accounts - First Millennium AD

First Millennium AD

From Late Antiquity, we have for the first time languages with earliest records in manuscript tradition (as opposed to epigraphy). Thus, Old Armenian is first attested in the Armenian Bible translation.

  • Bactrian - - c. 150: Rabatak inscription
  • Common Germanic/Proto-Norse - c. 160: Vimose inscriptions (c. 100 BC if the Negau helmet inscription is accepted as Germanic)
  • Cham - c. 200
  • Mayan - 250–300 (with brief undeciphered inscription at San Bartolo dated to 3rd century BC)
  • Gothic - c. 300: Gothic runic inscriptions
  • Ge'ez - c. 300 (pre)-Ezana inscriptions
  • Primitive Irish - 4th century: Ogham inscriptions
  • Ekoi - c. 400: Nsibidi pottery inscriptions in Calabar
  • Georgian - c. 430: a Georgian church in Bethlehem
  • Armenian - 434: Armenian Bible of Saint Mesrob Mashtots
  • Kannada - c. 450: Halmidi inscription
  • West Germanic - 6th century:
    • Old Low Franconian - c. 510: Salic law
    • Old High German - c. 550: Pforzen buckle
    • Old English - Undley bracteate; c. 650: Franks Casket; West Heslerton brooch
  • Arabic - 512: pre-Islamic Arabic inscriptions
  • Korean - 591: Sinseong (新城) Stele in Namsan (Gyeongju)
  • Cambodian - c. 600
  • Udi - c. 600: Mount Sinai palimpsest M13
  • Telugu - 620
  • Tibetan - c. 650: Tibetan Annals
  • Tocharian - 6th century: Dunhuang manuscripts
  • Old Malay - c. 683: Kedukan Bukit Inscription
  • Welsh - c. 700: Tywyn inscriptions
  • Japanese - 711–2 Kojiki
  • Old Turkic - 732 Orkhon inscriptions
  • Old Frisian - c. 750
  • Persian - c. 750
  • Maithili-769:Dohakosh by Saraha,Charyapada in Maithili
  • Angika-769:Dohakosh by Saraha in Old Angika
  • Old Hindi - 769: Dohakosh by Saraha
  • Malayalam - c. 800
  • Old Irish - c. 800: Cambrai Homily
  • Mozarabic - c. 800
  • Old Norse - c. 800 (runic)
  • Javanese - 804: initial part of the Sukabumi inscription
  • Old French - c. 842: Oaths of Strasbourg
  • Old Church Slavonic - c. 862
  • Old Cornish - late 9th century gloss in De Consolatione Philosophiae by Boethius: ud rocashaas meaning "it (the mind) hated the gloomy places".
  • Oriya language -c. 900 charyapada
  • Assamese language -c. 900 charyapada
  • Bengali Language -c. 900 charyapada
  • Old Occitan - c. 900: Tomida femina
  • Leonese - c. 959–974: Nodicia de Kesos
  • Italian - c. 960–963: Placiti Cassinesi (see also Veronese Riddle)
  • Khitan - 986: Memorial for Yelü Yanning
  • Hungarian - 997: Charter of the Nuns of Veszprémvölgy (Hungarian fragments). The first coherent text is the Funeral Sermon and Prayer of 1192.

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