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- Paul Sabatier, (1854–1941), 1912 Nobel Prize in Chemistry corecipient
- Frederick Sanger, (born 1918), 1958 and 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Carl Wilhelm Scheele, (1742–1786), Swedish 18th century chemist, discovered numerous elements
- Christian Friedrich Schönbein, (1799–1868), German-Swiss chemist, invented the fuel cell, and discovered gun cotton and ozone.
- Stuart L. Schreiber, (born 1956), American chemist, a pioneer in a field of chemical biology
- Richard R. Schrock, (born 1945), 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Peter Schultz, American chemist
- Glenn T. Seaborg, (1912–1999), 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Nils Gabriel Sefström, (1787–1845), chemist.
- Francesco Selmi, (1817–1881), Italian chemist.
- Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov, (1896–1986), physicist and chemist, 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- K. Barry Sharpless, (born 1941), 2001 Wolf Prize in Chemistry, 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Patsy O. Sherman (born 1930), 12 US Patents
- Nevil Vincent Sidgwick, (1873–1952), English theoretical chemist, known for work in valency
- Osamu Shimomura, (born 1928), 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Hideki Shirakawa, (born 1936), 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Alexander Shulgin, (born 1925), Pioneer researcher in Psychopharmacology and Entheogens
- Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, (1897–1994), Pakistani chemist, pioneer in natural products chemistry
- Oktay Sinanoglu, (born 1935), Turkish chemist
- Jens Christian Skou, (born 1918), 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Richard Smalley, (1943–2005), 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Michael Smith, (1932–2000), 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Ascanio Sobrero, (1812–1888), Italian chemist, discoverer of nitroglycerin
- Frederick Soddy, (1877–1956), British chemist, 1921 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Susan Solomon, American atmospheric chemist
- Ernest Solvay, (1838–1922), Belgian chemist and industrialist
- S.P.L. Sørensen, (1868–1939), Danish chemist
- Gabor A. Somorjai, (born 1935), 1998 Wolf Prize in Chemistry
- Georg Ernst Stahl, (1659–1734), Important work on fermentation
- Wendell Meredith Stanley, (1904–1971), 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Jean Servais Stas, (1813–1891), Belgian analytical chemist
- Branko Stanovnik, (born 1938), chemist.
- Hermann Staudinger, (1881–1965), polymer chemist, 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Harry Steenbock, (1886–1967), American biochemist, work on ultra violet irradiation.
- William Howard Stein, (1911–1980), 1972 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Thomas A. Steitz, (born 1940), 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Alfred Stock, (1876–1946), German inorganic chemist, known for work in mercury poisoning
- Fraser Stoddart, (born 1945), Scottish chemist, a pioneer in the field of the mechanical bond
- F. Gordon A. Stone (1925–2011), British inorganic chemist
- S. Donald Stookey (born 1915), American glass and ceramic chemist
- Gilbert Stork, (born 1921), 1995/6 Wolf Prize in Chemistry
- Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, (1829–1896), German organic chemist,principal founder of chemical structure
- James B. Sumner, (1887–1955), 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Edwin Sutermeister, American chemist, known for its work on papermaking
- Theodor Svedberg, (1884–1971), 1926 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Joseph Swan, (1828–1914), English physicist, chemist & inventor
- Frédéric Swarts, (1866–1940), Belgian chemist, prepared the first chlorofluorocarbon compound
- Richard Laurence Millington Synge, (1914–1994), 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Read more about this topic: List Of Chemists