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- Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, (born 1952), 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- William Ramsay, (1852–1916), Scottish chemist, 1904 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- François-Marie Raoult, (1830–1901), French chemist, known for Raoult's law
- Henry Rapoport, American chemist, UC Berkeley
- William Sage Rapson, South African Chemist and co-author of Gold Usage
- Ken Raymond, American Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemist, UC Berkeley
- Julius Rebek, (1944), Hungarian_American chemist.
- Henri Victor Regnault (1810–1878), French chemist and physicist
- Tadeus Reichstein, (1897–1996), chemist, 1950 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- Rhazes (Razi), Iranian Chemist .(865–925)
- Stuart A. Rice, (born 1932), physical chemist
- Theodore William Richards, (1868–1928), 1914 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Wim Richter, South Africa
- Ellen Swallow Richards, (1842–1911), industrial and environmental chemist.
- Jeremias Benjamin Richter, (1762–1807), German chemist, first used the term stoichiometry
- Nikolaus Riehl, Germany (1901–1990)
- Andrés Manuel del Río, (1764–1849), Spanish-Mexican geochemist, discovered vanadium
- Robert Robinson (1886–1975), 1947 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Pierre Jean Robiquet (1780–1840), French chemist, discovered caffeine, alizarin, cantharidin
- Hillar Rootare (1928) Estonian-American Physical Chemist
- Irwin Rose, (born 1926), 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Guillaume-François Rouelle, (1703–1770), French chemist
- H. M. Rouell, (1718–1779), French chemist
- Frank Sherwood Rowland, (born 1927), 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Daniel Rutherford, (1749–1819), Scottish chemist
- Ernest Rutherford, (1871–1937), New Zealand born chemist and nuclear physicist. Discovered the Proton. Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908
- Leopold Ruzicka (Lavoslav Ružička), (1887–1976), 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Read more about this topic: List Of Chemists