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- Paracelsus, (1493–1541), alchemist
- Rudolph Pariser, (born 1923), theoretical and organic chemist
- Robert G. Parr, (born 1921), theoretical chemist
- Louis Pasteur, (1822–1895), French biochemist, father of pasteurization
- Linus Pauling, (1901–1994), Nobel Prizes in chemistry and peace
- Charles J. Pedersen, (1904–1989), 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Eugène-Melchior Péligot, (1811–1890) French chemist who isolated the uranium metal
- William Henry Perkin, (1838–1907) British organic chemist and inventor of mauveine (dye)
- William Henry Perkin, Jr., (1860–1929) British organic chemist, son of Sir William Henry Perkin
- Max Perutz, (1914–2002), 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- David Andrew Phoenix, (born 1966), Biochemist
- Roy J. Plunkett, (1910–1994), discoverer of Teflon
- John Charles Polanyi, (born 1929), Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.
- John A. Pople, (1925–2004), theoretical chemist, 1998 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- George Porter, (1920–2002), 1967 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Fritz Pregl, (1869–1930), Slovene-German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.
- Vladimir Prelog, (1906–1998), 1975 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Joseph Priestley, (1733–1804), no formal training as a scientist, discovered the element oxygen
- Ilya Prigogine, (1917–2003), 1977 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Joseph Louis Proust, (1754–1826), discovered the Law of definite proportions
Read more about this topic: List Of Chemists