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- Irving Langmuir, (1881–1957), chemist, physicist, 1932 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Auguste Laurent, (1807–1853), French chemist, discovered anthracene
- Paul Lauterbur, (1929–2007), American chemist
- Antoine Lavoisier, (1743–1794), French pioneer chemist
- Nicolas Leblanc, (1742–1806), French chemist and surgeon
- Henri Louis Le Chatelier, (1850–1936)
- Yuan T. Lee, (born 1936), winner of 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Jean-Marie Lehn, (born 1939), French chemist, shared 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Luis Federico Leloir, (1906–1987), Argentine biochemist and winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Raymond Lemieux, (1920–2000), 1999 Wolf Prize in Chemistry
- Gilbert Newton Lewis, (1875–1946), American chemist and first Dean of the Berkeley College of Chemistry
- Andreas Libavius, (1555–1616), German doctor and chemist
- Carl Theodore Liebermann, (1842–1914), German chemist, known for synthesis of alizarin
- Willard Libby (1908–1980), American chemist, winner of 1960 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Justus von Liebig, (1803–1873), German inventor and pioneer in agricultural and biological chemistry
- Karl Paul Link, (1901–1978), American biochemist, discovered the anticoagulant warfarin.
- William Lipscomb, (born 1919), 1976 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, (1827–1912), English surgeon
- Arthur H. Livermore, (1915–2009), Science Educator and chemist
- Mikhail Lomonosov, (1711–1765), Russian scientist, anticipated the kinetic-molecular theory by 100 years
- H. Christopher Longuet-Higgins, British Chemist
- Martin Lowry, (1874–1936), British chemist
- Sima Lozanić (1847–1935), Serbian Chemist
- Ignacy Łukasiewicz, (1802–1882), Polish pharmacist
Read more about this topic: List Of Chemists