B
- Stephen Moulton Babcock, (1843–1931), worked on the "single-grain experiment"
- Werner Emmanuel Bachmann, (1901–1951), American chemist, known for work in steroids and RDX
- Leo Baekeland, (1863–1944), Belgian-American chemist
- Adolf von Baeyer, (1835–1917), German chemist, 1905 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, synthesis of indigo
- Piero Baglioni, Italian Chemist
- Hendrik Willem Bakhuis Roozeboom, (1854–1907), Dutch chemist
- Allen J. Bard, (born 1933), 2008 Wolf Prize in Chemistry
- Neil Bartlett, (1932–2008), English/Canadian/American chemist
- Sir Derek Barton, (1918–1998), 1969 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Fred Basolo, (1920–2007), American inorganic chemist
- Antoine Baum, (1728–1804), French chemist
- Karl Bayer, (1847–1904), Austrian chemist
- Johann Joachim Becher, (1635–1682), Developed the phlogiston theory of combustion
- Friedrich Konrad Beilstein, (1838–1906), German-Russian chemist, created Beilstein database
- Joseph Achille Le Bel, (1847–1930), French chemist, early work in sterochemistry
- Irina Beletskaya, (born 1933), Russian organometallic chemist
- Francesco Bellini (1947– ), research scientist, doctor in organic chemistry
- Paul Berg, (born 1926), 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Friedrich Bergius, (1884–1949), 1931 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Marcellin Berthelot, (1827–1907), French chemist, important work in thermochemistry
- Claude Louis Berthollet, (1748–1822), French chemist
- Carolyn R. Bertozzi, American Chemist, UC Berkeley
- Jöns Jakob Berzelius, (1779–1848), Swedish chemist, coined the term "polymer" in 1833
- Johannes Martin Bijvoet, (1892–1980), Dutch chemist and crystallographer
- Joseph Black, (1728–1799), chemist
- Dale L. Boger, (born 1953), American organic and medicinal chemist
- Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, (1838–1912), French chemist
- Jan Boldingh, (1915–2003), Dutch chemist
- Alexander Borodin, (1833–1887), Russian chemist & composer
- Hans-Joachim Born, German radiochemist
- Carl Bosch, (1872–1940), German chemist
- Jean-Baptiste Boussingault, (1802–1887), French chemist, agricultural chemistry
- Paul D. Boyer, (born 1918), 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Robert Boyer, Employee of Henry Ford focus on soybean use.
- Robert Boyle, (1627–1691), English pioneer of modern chemistry
- Henri Braconnot, (1780–1855), French chemist and pharmacist
- Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted, (1879–1947), Danish chemist
- Herbert C. Brown, (1912–2004), 1979 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Eduard Buchner, (1860–1917), 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, (1811–1899), German inventor, chemist, discovered the elements caesium and rubidium with Gustav Kirchhoff and invented the Bunsen burner
- William Merriam Burton, (1865–1954), American chemist, developed the first thermal cracking process for crude oil
- Adolf Butenandt, (1903–1995), 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Aleksandr Butlerov, (1828–1886), Russian chemist, discovered the formose reaction
Read more about this topic: List Of Chemists