Science and Technology
- Adib Jatene, heart surgeon
- Adolfo Lutz, physician and pioneer of public health
- Alexander Kellner, proeminent Liechtensteinian/Brazilian paleontologist
- Alberto Santos-Dumont, aviator and inventor.
- André Rebouças (1838–1898), pioneer engineer, brother of Antônio Rebouças Filho.
- Aristides Leão, physician and physiologist, discovered Leão's depression
- Carlos Chagas, physician and biomedical scientist, discovered Chagas Disease.
- Carlos Chagas Filho, physician and physiologist, former president of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. Son of Carlos Chagas.
- Celso Furtado, noted economist and ideologue of economy of developing nations
- César Lattes, experimental physicist, co-discoverer of pi meson, a type of subatomic particle
- Daniel Martins-de-Souza, Brazilian biologist; biochemist ref
- Eduardo Krieger, physician and physiologist, current president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences
- Emmanuel Dias-Neto, Brazilian biologist and geneticist; described the sequencing methodology ORESTES
- Ennio Candotti, physicist and scientific leader
- Euryclides Zerbini, heart surgeon, pioneer of first heart transplant in Brazil
- Evandro Chagas, physician and biomedical scientist specialized in tropical medicine. Son of Carlos Chagas.
- Florestan Fernandes (1920–1995), father of Brazilian sociology
- Gilberto Freyre (1900–1987), historiographer and sociologist
- Henrique da Rocha Lima,
- Hércules Florence, pioneer in photography
- Ivan Izquierdo, physician and neuroscientist, discovered neural mechanisms of memory
- Jacob Palis, mathematician
- Jorge Stolfi, computer scientist, currently professor at UNICAMP
- Johanna Döbereiner (1924–2000), biologist, discoverer of the nitrogen fixing role of soil bacteria
- José Aristodemo Pinotti, physician and gynecologist, former president of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
- José Goldemberg, physicist, former Minister of Science & Technology and Dean of the University of São Paulo
- José Leite Lopes, theoretical physicist
- José Lutzenberger (1926–2002), ecologist and zoologist
- José Reis, biologist, science writer
- Manuel de Abreu, physician, inventor of abreugraphy, mass radiography of the lungs for screening for tuberculosis
- Marcelo Gleiser, physicist, writer and professor of physics and astronomy at the Dartmouth College since 1991
- Marcos Pontes, first Brazilian astronaut, Expedition 13
- Mário Schenberg, theoretical physicist
- Maurício Peixoto, mathematician
- Maurício Rocha e Silva, physician and pharmacologist, discovered bradykinin, an active cardiovascular peptide
- Mayana Zatz, biologist and geneticist
- Miguel Nicolelis, neuroscientist, one of Scientific American's best scientists of 2004
- Milton Santos (1926–2001), geographer
- Newton da Costa (born 1929), mathematician and logician, recognised for his works in paraconsistent logic
- Nise da Silveira (1905–1999), psychiatrist and mental health reformer
- Oswaldo Cruz, physician and public health champion, eliminated yellow fever, bubonic plague and smallpox in Rio de Janeiro at the turn of the 20th century
- Paulo Vanzolini, zoologist, and composer of Brazilian popular music
- Roberto Landell de Moura, pioneer of telephony
- Santiago Americano Freire (1908–1997), physician and professor of pharmacology, psychiatrist, writer, painter
- Sérgio Henrique Ferreira, physician and pharmacologist, discovered the active principle of a drug for hypertension
- Vital Brazil, physician and scientist, discoverer of the antivenom for snakes and other venomous animals
- Wagner Farid Gattaz, physician and scientist, member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences
- Warwick Estevam Kerr, geneticist, researcher on the biology and genetics of bees
- Wilson Teixeira Beraldo, co-discoverer of bradykinin
Read more about this topic: List Of Brazilians
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