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- Wladyslaw Taczanowski (1819–1890), Polish zoologist
- Armen Takhtajan (born 1910), Russian botanist
- Peter Gustaf Tengmalm (1754–1803), Swedish naturalist
- Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778–1858), Dutch zoologist
- Theophrastus (372 BC – 287 BC), biologist and the successor of Aristotle in the Peripatetic school, popularizer of science
- Johannes Thiele (1860–1935), German zoologist and malacologist
- Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas (1858–1929), British zoologist
- William Thompson (1805–1852), Irish ornithologist and naturalist
- Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars (1758–1831), French botanist
- Carl Peter Thunberg (1743–1828), Swedish naturalist
- Samuel Tickell (1811–1875), British ornithologist
- Niko Tinbergen (1907–1988), Dutch ethologist
- Agostino Todaro (1818–1892), Italian botanist
- Susumu Tonegawa (born 1939), Japanese biologist, winner of the 1987 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity"
- John Torrey (1796–1873), American botanist, first professional in New World
- Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656–1708), French botanist
- John Kirk Townsend (1809–1851), American ornithologist
- Thomas Stewart Traill (1781–1862), Scottish doctor and naturalist
- Abraham Trembley (1710–1784), Swiss naturalist
- Melchior Treub (1851–1910), Dutch botanist
- Henry Baker Tristram (1822–1906), English ornithologist
- Robert Trivers (born 1943), evolutionary biologist
- Édouard Louis Trouessart (1842–1927), French naturalist
- Frederick W. True (1858–1914), American naturalist
- George Washington Tryon Jr. (1838–1888), American malacologist
- Bernard Tucker (1901–1950), English ornithologist
- Edward Tuckerman (1817–1886), American botanist
- Endel Tulving (born 1927), Estonian-born Canadian neuroscientist, specializes in episodic memory
- Marmaduke Tunstall (1743–1790), English ornithologist
- Ruth Turner (1915–2000), marine biologist
- William Turton (1762–1835), British naturalist
Read more about this topic: List Of Biologists