E
- Sylvia Earle (born 1935), American oceanographer
- John Carew Eccles (1903–1997), Australian neurophysiologist and winner of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the synapse
- Christian Friedrich Ecklon (1795–1868), Danish botanist (abbr. in botany: Eckl.)
- Gerald Edelman (born 1929), Nobel Prize for immunology work, later work in neuroscience
- George Edwards (1693–1773), British naturalist
- Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (1795–1876), German biologist and microscopist
- Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915), German Nobel Prize-winning immunologist
- Karl Eichwald (1795–1876), Russian geologist and physician
- Theodor Eimer (1843–1898), German zoologist
- George Eliava (1892–1937), Georgian microbiologist
- Daniel Giraud Elliot (1835–1915), American zoologist
- Günther Enderlein (1872–1968), German zoologist and entomologist
- Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher (1804–1849), Austrian botanist (abbr. in botany: Endl.)
- Michael S. Engel (born 1971), American paleontologist and entomologist
- George Engelmann (1809–1884), German-American botanist
- Adolf Engler (1844–1930), German botanist (abbr. in botany: Engl.)
- Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben (1744–1777), German naturalist.
- Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz (1793–1831), Baltic German biologist and explorer, namesake of the California poppy
- Constantin von Ettingshausen (1826–1897), Austrian botanist
- Warren Ewens, American mathematical population geneticist
- Thomas Campbell Eyton (1809–1880), English naturalist
Read more about this topic: List Of Biologists