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- Kenneth Oakley (1911–1981) English; fluorine dating, exposed Piltdown Man hoax
- Jérémie Jacques Oberlin (1735–1806) Alsatian; France?, philology
- Bjørnar Olsen, Norwegian; theory, material culture, Arctic
- John W. Olsen (born 1955) American; prehistory, Paleolithic, Central Asia
- Stanley John Olsen (1919–2003) American; historical archaeology and zooarchaeology
- Charles Orser (born 19??) American; historical archaeology
- Nimet Özgüç (born 19??) Turkish; Hittites
- Tahsin Özgüç (1916–2005) Turkish; Assyria
Read more about this topic: List Of Archaeologists