Laws of Science - Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics

Laws of thermodynamics
First law of thermodynamics: The change in internal energy dU in a closed system is accounted for entirely by the heat δQ absorbed by the system and the work δW done by the system: Second law of thermodynamics: There are many statements of this law, perhaps the simplest is "the entropy of isolated systems never decreases", meaning reversible changes have zero entropy change, irreversible process are positive, and impossible process are negative.	Zeroth law of thermodynamics: If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with one another. Third law of thermodynamics: As the temperature T of a system approaches absolute zero, the entropy S approaches a minimum value C: as T → 0, S → C.
For homogeneous systems the first and second law can be combined into the Fundamental thermodynamic relation:
Onsager reciprocal relations: sometimes called the Fourth Law of Thermodynamics ; .

• Newton's law of cooling
• Fourier's law

• Ideal gas law, combines a number of separately developed gas laws;
  • Boyle's law
  • Charles's law
  • Gay-Lussac's law
  • Avogadro's law, into one)

now improved by other equations of state

• Dalton's law (of partial pressures)
• Boltzmann equation
• Carnot's theorem
• Kopp's law