Types
Many institutes confer three levels of Latin honors, although some eschew the third, namely:
- cum laude, meaning "with honor"—usually pronounced /kʊmˈlaʊdeɪ/ or /kʊmˈlɔːdeɪ/.
- magna cum laude, meaning "with great honor"
- summa cum laude, meaning "with highest honor"
A fourth distinction, egregia cum laude, "with outstanding honor", has occasionally appeared: it was created to recognize students who earned the same grade point average required for the summa honor, but did so while pursuing a more rigorous honors curriculum.
A rarely used distinction, maxima cum laude, "with very great honor", is an intermediary honor between the summa and the magna honors. It is sometimes used when the summa honor is reserved only for students with a perfect academic record (4.0 / 4.0 GPA).
Absence of honors may be indicated by simply not stating any honors (as is usual in the United States and Indonesia), or explicitly marked as rite "duly" (meaning "degree requirements have been satisfied"), which is done in Germany and some other continental European countries.
Read more about this topic: Latin Honors
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—Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1860–1904)
“If there is nothing new on the earth, still the traveler always has a resource in the skies. They are constantly turning a new page to view. The wind sets the types on this blue ground, and the inquiring may always read a new truth there.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“Our major universities are now stuck with an army of pedestrian, toadying careerists, Fifties types who wave around Sixties banners to conceal their record of ruthless, beaverlike tunneling to the top.”
—Camille Paglia (b. 1947)