Kings of Hanover
In 1813, George III was restored to his Hanoverian territories, and in October 1814 they were constituted as the independent Kingdom of Hanover at the Congress of Vienna. The personal union with the United Kingdom ended in 1837 on the accession of Queen Victoria because the succession laws in Hanover, based on Salic law, prevented a female inheriting the title if there was any surviving male heir (in the United Kingdom, a male takes precedence only over his own sisters). In the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, Hanover was annexed by Prussia and became the latter's Province of Hanover.
| Image | Name | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| George III | 1814–20 | George III was mentally incapacitated during these years, and power was exercised by George, Prince of Wales (the future George IV) according to the British Regency. In Hanover, Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge officiated as Viceroy from 1816. | |
| George IV | 1820–30 | Son of predecessor. Regent 1811–1820, represented in Hanover by Viceroy Adolphus. | |
| William I | 1830–37 | Brother of predecessor. Last monarch to rule both Hanover and the United Kingdom, represented in Hanover by Viceroy Adolphus. | |
| Ernest Augustus I | 1837–51 | Brother of predecessor. His accession separated the crowns of Hanover and the United Kingdom, as the latter passed to Queen Victoria. | |
| George V | 1851–66 | Son of predecessor. Lost his territories to Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War. |
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